Sa'adatu Rimi College of Education

This review paper aims to comprehensively explore the priority areas for promoting health within the country. Nigeria, the most populous country in Africa, faces numerous health challenges due to socio-economic, cultural, and infrastructural factors. This review identifies key priority areas that demand attention for effective health promotion strategies by analyzing existing literature. These include infectious diseases, maternal and child health, non-communicable diseases, health care infrastructure, and health education. Thus, promoting health within the Nigerian community requires a holistic approach that addresses the unique challenges and opportunities present in the country. Therefore, the paper recommends a multi-faceted approach involving government policies, community engagement, and international collaboration to achieve sustainable improvements in public health outcomes within Nigeria.

When under stress, the body secretes a large amount of hormones. These hormones cause the heart to beat more quickly and the blood vessels to constrict, leading to a temporary increase in blood pressure. The release of stress hormones and an accelerated heartbeat are 2 ways that improper stress reactions can raise blood pressure and increase the risk of a heart attack. Keeping this in mind, the current study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of the rational emotive behavior therapy (REBT) approach in reducing stress among Education Scientists with high blood pressure in higher institutions of learning in southeastern Nigeria. The study utilized a simple randomized controlled trial design, which included a pretest, posttest, and follow-up test. The study population consisted of 78 participants who were randomly assigned to either the treatment or control group, with 39 participants in each group. The treatment involved following a modified REBT manual. The findings of the study indicated that REBT was successful in reducing the stress levels of academic staff who underwent the treatment. This effect was sustained during the follow-up test. Stress was found to be a result of irrational thoughts and erroneous beliefs. However, through the implementation of REBT principles and strategies, individuals were able to address their negative thought patterns, which were characterized by inflexibility, rigidity, and extremism. Further research is needed to confirm the impact of REBT on reducing depression, anxiety, and mental exhaustion in populations from institutions outside the southeastern region of Nigeria.

Anthropogenic activities can have significant and often detrimental effects on aquatic ecosystems, including water quality, biodiversity, and the overall ecosystem. This study aimed to assess the impact of washing, fishing, and agricultural activities on physiochemical parameters and phytoplankton composition in the Kalgo River. Water samples were collected from stations A (farming and irrigation), B (fishing activities), and C (washing site) using plankton nets and one-liter plastic bottles following standard methods. Phytoplankton species were identified through comparative morphological examination using a binocular light microscope (Olympus BH2) at a magnification of 100x after centrifuging the water samples. In August, higher values of pH (7.90±0.23), EC (793.91±3.56 µs/cm), P (0.31±0.05 mg/l), NH4 (0.63±0.23 mg/l), and TDS (529.27±0.13) were recorded. The highest temperature (29.66±1.50°C) and maximum concentrations of DO (7.52±0.25 mg/l), BOD (22.4±10.29 mg/l), Ca2+ (164.0±13.21 mg/l), and Cl- (15.40±0.59 mg/l) were found in June. A total of 341 phytoplankton species distributed across 37 genera and belonging to seven classes were identified. The dominant class was Chlorophyceae (31.43%), followed by Bacillariophyceae (25.72%) and Cyanophyceae (20.00%), with Rhodophyceae recording the lowest percentage (2.86%). Station B exhibited the highest species composition (41.35%), while station C had the lowest (26.96%). No significant difference (P>0.05) was observed in phytoplankton composition variations between the stations. Crucigenia sp. had the highest occurrence (8.50%), followed by Navicula digitoradiata (7.33%), Volvox sp. (6.16%), and Craticula sp. (5.28%). Asterionella sp., Vaucheria sp., and Melosira variants each accounted for 0.88% of the composition. Despite the diverse phytoplankton assemblage in the Kalgo River, further studies are necessary to evaluate the specific impacts of anthropogenic activities on different phytoplankton species and their overall health in the river.

Pachira glabra is one of the abundant underutilized plants in the tropics. The seeds were processed into flour. A sample of the flour were evaluated for physicochemical composition, functional properties, baking test and the bread produced were subjected to sensory analysis. The results of proximate analysis showed that P. glabra flour had significantly higher total fat content, Crude fiber and total ash content (P>0.05), but with lower values of other components when compared with the white wheat flour. The anti – nutrient properties of P. glabra flour such as; Tannins, Phytates, Oxalates and Alkaloids were obtained to be; 3.29, 6.99, 3.74 and 1.98 mg/100g respectively. The functional properties of P. glabra flour had significantly higher in WAC, and swelling capacity (P>0.05), but with lower values of forming capacity and OAC, both the two samples had the same value of bulk density. P. glabra flour may find its use in food industry. The volume of the bread obtained after baking test showed a decrease of bread volume with an increase in P. glabra flour substitution. The results of Sensory evaluation gotten from the panelist were statistically analyzed using ANOVA and there was significant difference in colour, aroma and overall acceptability but no significant difference in taste, and texture.

The purpose of this study is to determine how corporate social responsibility (CSR) affects consumer trust in the banking industry. The study's emphasis is on CSR's four primary facets: economic, legal, ethical, and philanthropic. A model was used in this study to demonstrate the effects of several CSR elements on brand trust. A questionnaire was distributed to 400 bank clients, and 397 responses were received, valid and entered for descriptive and cause effects as the method of gathering primary data from respondents for analysis. The results showed that clients view CSR initiatives as a key component when engaging with banks. When banks engage in these activities, their brand trust is strengthened, and CSR activities and brand trust have statistically been linked in favorable and substantial ways. Customers of banks have different perceptions of the relevance of these activities. The findings would be enhanced by a larger sample size, the inclusion of more stakeholders, such as employees and managers, and the replication of the study in other nations. In order to improve their corporate reputation, banks are encouraged to take into account the study's variables in their operations and promote CSR. The topic of CSR has been covered in a lot of research, but only a small number of them focus on the banking industry and the Dala Kano, notably in Nigeria. For a better understanding of CSR initiatives and their implications on brand trust, this study recommends further research in the field.

The study sought to investigate Guaranty Trust Bank (GTB) customers ranked favorite for corporate social responsibility (CSR)initiative and determine which initiative has the greatest effect on corporate reputation toward the bank. A sample 397 customers as respondent was employed in the study. The methodology used by this study is descriptive and cause effects as the method gathering primary data from respondents for analysis. The findings revealed that the variable was positive and has significant effect on CSR program except legal responsibility in which customers of (GTB) need the corporations should add more support on legal activities in the community as the marketing strategies plan to win in the pace of competitors

Modern mathematics education used a different approach when dealing with word problems in algebra because of how people perceive mathematics. The teacher can aid students in honing their problem-solving abilities to assist them build mathematical concepts that can be applied in real-world situations. This research is a case study involving junior high school (JHS) pupils in Ghana’s Tema Metropolis. For the study, data collection and analysis used a qualitative methodology. Using a purposive sample technique, data from 12 participants–six JHS mathematics teachers and six students–were gathered. Data were gathered through observation, interviews, and document analysis. The primary finding is that JHS pupils at Tema Education Metropolis are unable to present their own issues as proof of conceptual knowledge of algebra word problems.

Genetic, transcriptional, and clinical heterogeneity of disease has remained to be a prominent obstacle to the development of a targeted therapeutic approach against TNBC. So far, based on tumor size, lymph node status, and histologic features TNBC subtypes were stratified. Insights into inter and intratumoral heterogeneity of TNBC were gained by next-generation sequencing, genomic, transcriptomic, proteomic, and clinicopathological characterization. To depict tumor response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy, radiological characterization may also a play significant role. Biomarkers for subtyping TNBC were highly needed to depict the survival outcome. This chapter discussed the available and possible molecular and pathological diagnostic approaches to TNBC. Furthermore, the integration of morphological and genomic data may emerge as a promising approach for the identification of new therapeutic and prognostic markers to predict the likely outcome of the disease. This chapter aims to highlight the molecular and pathological diagnostic approaches to depict both metastatic and non-metastatic TNBC. <br>

<p>Changes in lipid profile during pregnancy has being normally observed and these changes mostly differ according to trimester. An increased maternal morbidity and mortality was recorded in history due to severe or uncontrolled Gestational hypertension (GH) and leads to more than 14% of early or preterm births. During pregnancy, its documented that Dyslipidaemia hyperuricemia are strongly believed to have pathophysiological role. A total of 150 women among which 100 pregnant women and 50 non pregnant women have participated in the study. Serum T. cholesterol (TC), triacylglyceride (TG), high density lipoprotein (HDL) and low density lipoprotein (LDL) were tested and estimated in the study. It was found in this study that Total cholesterol, triglycerides and high density lipoprotein in the three trimesters when compared to the control subjects were found to be high (p< 0.05). The change inlow density lipoprotein was not significantly high (p> 0.05) in the first trimester but becamesignificant (p< 0.05) in the second and third trimester when compared with the control. Comparison between first, second and third trimesters showed that TC, TG and LDL in the 2<sup>nd</sup>and 3<sup>rd</sup> trimesters were significantly higher than in the 1st trimester. Serum uric acid Serum lipid profile were analysed and estimated by enzymatic methods. The serum uric acid showed was found to be strongly correlated with systolic blood pressure, TGL (r = 0.293, p < 0.01;) TGL/HDL (r = 0.549, p < 0.001; r = 0.434, p < 0.001 respectively) and a negative correlation with HDL/VLDL (r = -0.423, p < 0.001). Triglyceride showed significant positive relation with diastolic blood pressure (r = 323, p = 0.001); uric acid (r = 0.553, p < 0.001), TGL/HDL (r = 0.759, p < 0.001) and negative relation with HDL/VLDL (r=0.691, p < 0.001). In the early 2<sup>nd</sup> trimester, estimation of lipid profile and serum uric acid can be advisable to prevent complications of Gestational Hypertension.</p>