Sachtleben (Germany)

Overconsumption is a major contributor to environmental degradation. To help tackle this problem, across two studies, we investigated the effect of awe on minimalism and sustainable consumption, along with the role of environmental message framing. Additionally, we included different dimensions of self-diminishment as possible mediators and explored the role of construal thinking. In Study 1 ( N = 118) and Study 2 ( N = 228), participants were randomly assigned to watch a 360-degree video in Virtual Reality (VR) of either the northern lights (awe condition) or a generic forest (neutral condition), paired with either a gain-framed or loss-framed environmental voice-over message. To assess actual behaviour, participants were offered to choose one of several gifts, which were either sustainable or unsustainable. If a participant declined the offer, their behaviour was labelled as minimalistic. Results showed that awe significantly predicted minimalistic behaviour (Study 1) and sustainable consumption behaviour (Study 2), the latter only occurring for novice VR users. No effects were found of message framing or construal thinking. Exploratory analyses showed that the vastness relative to self dimension of self-diminishment mediated the effect of awe on intended and self-reported sustainable consumption. Furthermore, dispositional awe was found to predict intended, self-reported and actual sustainable consumption. We conclude that VR is a useful tool to induce feelings of awe and make people engage in more minimalistic and sustainable consumption behaviours. The underlying mechanisms need to be investigated in future research. • Using VR and message framing, we manipulated awe and construal thinking. • Intentions were measured in tandem with self-reported and observed behavior. • Experiencing awe predicted observed minimalistic behavior. • Only novice VR users displayed more sustainable consumption after experiencing awe. • Vastness relative to self and dispositional awe are key underlying mechanisms.

This chapter contains sections titled: Overview Aluminum Compounds Retention Aids and Drainage Accelerators Fixatives and Charge Control Deposit Control and Biocides Defoamers and Deaerators Chelating Agents Additives for Repulping Deinking Additives Cleaning Agents and Fabric Conditioning Internal Water and Effluent Treatment Interactions of Chemical Additives References Further Reading for Section 6.5

PDF | The company Roheisengesellschaft Saar (ROGESA) is a joint venture of the AG of Dillinger Huettenwerke, the major European heavy plate producer, and Saarstahl AG, one of the most important manufacturer of long products in the world. In order to cope with increasing demand of the hot metal from both steel shops on one hand, and simultaneously increasing pressure on hot metal cost reduction, on the other hand, ROGESA had decided to enlarge No. 5 blast furnace during the relining in 1997. Its inner volume was increased to 3,067 m3 and its hearth diameter up to 12 m. Due to the geometric change, the hearth lining and the cooling system had to be newly designed. After around 8 years in operation, serious wear was detected in the hearth lining and a part of the shaft cooling. Consequently, an interim repair was necessary and carried out in the period of Dec 05/Jan 06. This paper describes the wear conditions of No. 5 blast furnace after its enlargement with focus on experi-ences by applying adequate measures against short-term temperature increase, es- pecially use of titanium bearing materials. The here presented paper is a common report from Rogesa, Sachtleben Chemie GmbH (Duisburg) and the GSR (Moers).

Abstract Kinetic measurements of the selective catalytic reduction (SCR) of NO by methane were performed over CeO2/H‐ZSM‐5, In‐ZSM‐5, and CeO2/In‐ZSM‐5 catalysts. The parameter space covered NO, CH4, and O2 concentrations varying from 250 to 1000 ppm, from 500 to 2000 ppm, and from 0.5 to 10 vol.‐%, respectively, space velocities between 5000 and 90000 h–1 and temperatures between 573 and 873 K depending on the catalyst activities. With CeO2/In‐ZSM‐5 an additional series of measurements was performed with moistened feed gas (0.5–10 vol.‐% H2O). On the basis of a pseudo‐homogeneous, one‐dimensional fixed‐bed reactor model, the data were fitted to a kinetic model that includes power rate laws for the reduction of NO and for the unselective total oxidation of methane. From analyses of isothermal data sets, almost all reaction orders were found to vary significantly with changing temperature, which indicates that the simple kinetic model cannot reflect the complex reaction mechanism correctly. Nevertheless, the data measured with In‐ZSM‐5 could be modeled with good accuracy over a wide range of reaction temperatures (150 K) while the accuracy was less satisfactory with the remaining data sets, in particular for data with the moist feed over CeO2/In‐ZSM‐5. With the latter catalyst it was not possible to represent the data measured in dry and in moist feed in a single model even upon confinement to fixed reaction temperatures. A comparison of the separate models established showed strong changes in the reaction orders in the presence of water, which occur apparently already at a very low water content (≤ 0.5 vol.‐%). The kinetic parameters found are in agreement with earlier conclusions about the reaction mechanisms. With In‐ZSM‐5, both reaction orders and the activation energy show a rate‐limiting influence of NO oxidation on the NO reduction path which is removed by the presence of the CeO2 promoter. A difference in the reaction mechanism over CeO2/In‐ZSM‐5 and CeO2/H‐ZSM‐5 is reflected in different kinetic parameters. The differences of the kinetic parameters between dry‐feed and moist‐feed models for CeO2/In‐ZSM‐5 reflect adsorption competition between the reactants and water.

A New Weighting Material for Drilling Fluids Based on Synthetic Iron Oxide Dieter Menzel Dieter Menzel Sachtleben Chemie GmbH Search for other works by this author on: This Site Google Scholar Paper presented at the Fall Meeting of the Society of Petroleum Engineers of AIME, Las Vegas, Nevada, September 1973. Paper Number: SPE-4517-MS https://doi.org/10.2118/4517-MS Published: September 30 1973 Cite View This Citation Add to Citation Manager Share Icon Share Twitter LinkedIn Get Permissions Search Site Citation Menzel, Dieter. "A New Weighting Material for Drilling Fluids Based on Synthetic Iron Oxide." Paper presented at the Fall Meeting of the Society of Petroleum Engineers of AIME, Las Vegas, Nevada, September 1973. doi: https://doi.org/10.2118/4517-MS Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAll ProceedingsSociety of Petroleum Engineers (SPE)SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition Search Advanced Search This paper was prepared for the 48th Annual Fall Meeting of the Society of Petroleum Engineers of AIME, to be held in Las Vegas, Nev., Sept. 30-Oct. 3, 1973. Permission to copy is restricted to an abstract of not more than 300 words. Illustrations may not be copied. The abstract should contain conspicuous acknowledgement of where and by whom the paper is presented. Publication elsewhere after publication in the JOURNAL OF PETROLEUM TECHNOLOGY or the SOCIETY OF PETROLEUM ENGINEERS JOURNAL is usually granted upon request to the Editor of the appropriate journal provided agreement to give proper credit is made.Discussion of this paper is invited. Three copies of any discussion should be sent to the Society of Petroleum Engineers Office. Such discussion may be presented at the above meeting and, with the paper, may be considered for publication in one of the two SPE magazines.AbstractA new weighting material based on synthetic iron oxide has been developed. Early laboratory tests with this material indicated that although up to API specification for barytes, it nevertheless failed to give a satisfactory performance test under the conditions stated by OCMA. Further investigations showed that particle size distribution and total surface area had to be controlled to achieve the most satisfactory performance and also suggested that a new performance and also suggested that a new specification might well be required for any weighting material.IntroductionUntil now ground barytes with a specific gravity of 4.2 has been the most common weighting material for drilling fluids. The demand of the free world is now approx. 2 million tons per year corresponding to 55% of the total barytes production. The USA used 1.2 million tons per year barytes drilling mud grade in 1972. Because of increasing drilling activity one can expect a considerable growth in barytes consumption in the next few years. In some of the new exploration regions outside of the USA it may prove difficult to obtain sufficient high quality barytes.In the past numerous trials have been undertaken to substitute barytes with other heavy metal compounds with specific gravities higher than 4.2. None of these materials however proved successful, because the price was too high, the required amounts were not available in sufficient quantities or else the properties in drilling muds showed properties in drilling muds showed disadvantages. Weighting materials such as galena, lead oxide, natural iron oxide or barium carbonate have only been used to a limited extent.A new weighting material, FER-O-BAR+), based on synthetic iron oxide; has now been introduced. This material is a) generally applicable, b) available in sufficient quantities, c) produced with constant quality, d) comparable with barytes price.The properties of the new product are described below. Keywords: drilling fluid selection and formulation, Upstream Oil & Gas, concentration, Germany, new weighting material, andreasen, drilling fluid chemistry, drilling fluid formulation, field test, weighting material Subjects: Drilling Fluids and Materials, Drilling fluid selection and formulation (chemistry, properties) This content is only available via PDF. 1973. Society of Petroleum Engineers You can access this article if you purchase or spend a download.