Sagami Central Chemical Research Institute

Since 2017, Japan has been establishing a community-based integrated mental health care system, which includes first-line consultations provided by local authorities (i.e., municipalities). This study aimed to (1) investigate factors related to the challenge municipalities encounter when providing mental health consultations, and (2) identify collaboration patterns between municipalities and public health agencies. Data were obtained from a nationwide municipal survey and publicly available government statistics. Municipal staff difficulty in providing mental health consultations was measured using a four-point scale, and its association with local psychiatric and social care resources and collaboration activities across local institutions was examined by ordinal logistic regression analysis. Latent class analysis was also conducted based on how the municipality collaborated with public health agencies. Lower difficulty providing mental health consultations was associated with the existence of municipally established public health centres (OR 0.22, 95% CI 0.09 to 0.53, p=0.001), which minimises the organisational barrier between the two entities, and frequent meetings with local service providers (OR 0.65, 95% CI 0.44 to 0.96, p=0.032). Variables indicating local psychiatric and social care resources showed no significant associations. Municipalities were classified into four latent classes based on collaboration patterns: Overall frequent (18.1%), Overall infrequent (22.0%), Frequent for individual support (49.1%), and Infrequent for individual support (10.8%). The difficulty faced by local authorities in providing mental health consultations may be reduced by fostering collaboration with other institutions, specifically public health agencies, and by hosting frequent meetings with local service providers.

Two crown ether‐appended tetraazanaphthacene derivatives (15CE and 18CE) are synthesized, and their radical anion species (15CE’ and 18CE’) are further obtained by electrocrystallization. Single‐crystal X‐ray analysis reveals the crystal structures of all metal complexes based on 15CE and 18CE derivatives, which can be modulated by the selection of metal ion salts. 15CE and 18CE can capture metal ions depending on the size of the crown ether moieties to form metal complexes in the crystal state. On the other hand, 15CE’ and 18CE’ are generated by electrocrystallization of 15CE and 18CE using metal salts as the electrolyte, whose imino‐N atoms can coordinate to metal ions. As a result, 15CE’ and 18CE’ can work as bridging radical anion ligands to self‐assemble into a 3D coordination polymer and a 1D coordination polymer with helical structures, respectively. In particular, the use of both crown ether and the tetraazanaphthacene framework as a bridging radical anion ligand is the essential strategy to expand the diversity of crystal engineering because of being capable of the dramatic change in crystal structures.

Homogeneous catalysis using transition metal complexes typically employs a single supporting ligand, which can prove inadequate for diverse requirements at different steps of the catalytic cycle. To navigate this inadequacy, researchers are exploring a mixed-ligand approach, which involves the sequential interaction of two distinct ligands with the metal, fostering various product-forming steps within the same catalytic cycle. Herein, we introduce the successful application of this mixed-ligand approach to the palladium-catalyzed direct arylation of heteroarenes with aryl halides. The key to this success is the use of XPhos and P(2-MeOC6H4)3 (L1) as supporting ligands. This mixed-ligand catalyst facilitates direct arylation with readily available but less reactive aryl chloride, yielding the coupling products in high yield (up to >99%). Moreover, the catalyst enables sequential reactions that leverage the differential reactivity between C–Cl and C–Br bonds, producing π-extended small molecules in a one-pot synthesis. The catalyst also proves effective in direct arylation polymerization (DArP) with dichloroarenes, yielding π-conjugated polymers with well-controlled structures and high molecular weights (Mn up to 191000). Our mechanistic investigations into the mixed-ligand catalyst highlight that XPhos and L1 contribute to activating the C–Cl bond in aryl chlorides and the C–H bonds in heteroarenes, respectively.

Invited for the cover of this issue are the groups of Hideyuki Otsuka at the Tokyo Institute of Technology and Koichiro Mikami at the Sagami Chemical Research Institute. The image depicts theoretical and experimental investigations of stable arylfluorene-based radical-type mechanophores. Read the full text of the article at 10.1002/chem.202203249.

A human dive into the ocean of α-SOMO levels: Exhaled oxygen bubbles cause peroxidation of radical-type mechanophores (RMs), which generate shallow α-SOMO level radical species; however, RMs that generate deep α-SOMO level radical species did not afford peroxide compounds. One of the C−C RMs was applied to the design of a mechanoresponsive polymer. More information can be found in the Research Article by H. Otsuka, K. Mikami, and co-workers. (DOI: 10.1002/chem.202203249).

Abstract With a 6 GHz band high resolution magnetic near‐field probe (XF‐R 3‐1) produced by Langer, the transient magnetic fields due to collision ESDs (electrostatic discharges) between metal balls at a charging voltage of 600 V were measured near the spark point to investigate a dipole radiation mechanism. In this study, as an object of considering the measured magnetic field waveforms, two different equivalent circuits of the magnetic near‐field probe are derived based on the probe response waveform observed by a TDR (time domain reflectometer) with a 10 ps rise‐time pulse and the probe reflection coefficient measured with a 26 GHz network analyzer. Waveform conversion formulae from the probe output voltage to the magnetic field are given. The validity of the conversion methods is verified by comparing the measured conversion waveforms and their frequency spectra in addition to the converted spectra by the Langer field correction curve with the calculated waveforms of the transient magnetic far‐fields from a dipole model consisting of image charge pairs and the Rompe‐Weizel spark resistance formula. The probe conversion formulae presented here are valid within the frequency range of the 6 GHz probe band, however, beyond the band the resonance peaks at multiple frequencies over 8 GHz appear on the spectra, which causes damping oscillations peculiar to the probe with multiple frequencies to the time domain waveform.

sing a simple mathematical model, we propose two approaches to externally infer how the amino-acid sequence is folded in a protein. One is the previously proposed differential geometric approach. The other is a new category theoretical approach proposed in this paper. As an example, we consider detecting the presence of internal singularities from the outside. Knowledge of Category theory is not required. Proteins are represented as a loop of triangles. In both approaches, the outer contour of the loop is examined to detect the presence of singular triangles (such as isolated triangles) inside. By considering the interaction between loops, the new approach allows us to detect more singular triangles than the previous approach. We hope that this research will provide a new perspective on protein structure analysis and promote further collaboration between mathematics and biology.

The lightning occurrence characteristics around Tokyo Skytree are investigated with Japan Lightning Detection Network, and the results are evaluated with observation data by the Rogowski coils installed at a height of 497 m and by cameras set around Tokyo Skytree. After the construction of Tokyo Skytree, the apparent density of detected strokes near Tokyo Skytree increases, but without lightning strokes to Tokyo Skytree, the density of detected strokes around Tokyo Skytree seems to be roughly constant. © 2020 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.