Salam University

Artificial Intelligence (AI) has emerged as a transformative mechanism for expanding educational access, enhancing digital empowerment, and fostering entrepreneurial engagement among marginalized populations. This study investigates the specific role of AI technologies—such as generative AI tools, AI-powered language translation applications, adaptive learning platforms, and automated chatbots—in supporting Afghan women’s education and socio-economic participation. Employing a quantitative descriptive research design, data were collected from 150 female students across four faculties (Computer Science, Business Administration, Education, and Sharia & Law) at Vision Online University. Results show that 77% of participants perceive AI as significantly improving learning opportunities for women, particularly through personalized learning support and language-based assistance. Additionally, 69% reported that AI tools enhanced their digital skills, while 62% indicated that AI applications increased their interest in online business creation and entrepreneurial activities. Despite these benefits, respondents identified major barriers including limited access to digital devices (58%), unstable internet connectivity (64%), and low digital literacy (52%). The findings reveal AI’s multidimensional impact in strengthening knowledge, autonomy, and economic participation for Afghan women. The study underscores the need for inclusive digital infrastructure and culturally sensitive implementation strategies to fully leverage AI as a sustainable driver of gender equality and socio-economic development in Afghanistan.

Penelitian menggunakan metode balanced scorecard dan pengumpulan data kepuasan karyawan melalui kuesioner, uji reliabilitas menggunakan koefisien alpha cronbach dan uji validitas menggunakan koefisien korelasi pearson. Penelitian ini mengambil judul pengukuran kinerja perusahaan dengan menggunakan Balanced Scorecard. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian mengindikasikan bahwa pengukuran kinerja pada PT. Telkom secara keseluruhan masih tergolong kurang dengan nilai keseluruhan 47,92%. pada perspektif finanasial PT.Telkom dikelola secara terpusat. Dalam perspektif pelanggan diketahui perolehan pelanggan pada tahun 2022 sebesar 20,12% dan tahun 2023 sebesar 14,23% dengan nilai rata-rata sebesar 17,18%. Sedangkan tingkat retensi pelanggan pada tahun 2022 sebesar 83,88% dan pada tahun 2023 sebesar 88,84% dengan nilai rata-rata sebesar 86,18%. Pada perspektif bisnis internal PT. Telkom mengembangkan inovasi teknologi baru yaitu produk Indihome. Dalam perspektif pertumbuhan dan pembelajaran tingkat retensi pegawai pada tahun 2012 sampai tahun 2023 tidak mengalami perubahan dan pada tahun 2023 tingkat retensi pegawai menunjukan angka 12%. Tingkat kepuasan karyawan menunjukan angka sebesar 76,32% dengan rating scale 0. Artinya kepuasan karyawan PT.Telkom telah berada pada kategori puas.

This study examined the application of artificial intelligence in service industries and its impact on customer satisfaction, focusing on the mediating role of service quality perception and the moderating effect of customer trust in AI. AI-driven technologies have transformed customer service by improving efficiency, personalization, and responsiveness. However, the extent to which these enhancements translated into higher customer satisfaction depended on perceived service quality and trust in AI systems. Using a structured survey across various service industries, particularly in empathy-driven sectors like healthcare and education, the research employed statistical analysis to evaluate AI’s direct and indirect effects on customer satisfaction. The findings indicated that AI significantly enhanced customer satisfaction, with a , substantial direct effect (β = 0.642, p < 0.001) and an additional indirect effect through service quality perception (indirect effect = 0.286, p < 0.001). Service quality perception acted as a crucial mediator (β = 0.305, p < 0.001), confirming its importance in shaping satisfaction outcomes. While customer trust positively influenced satisfaction (β = 0.267, p < 0.001), its moderating effect on AI-driven service interactions was not statistically significant (p = 0.199). These results show that AI adoption aligns with customer expectations and ethical considerations. Future research is recommended to explore the long-term impact of AI on customer trust and examine its effectiveness across various industries that require higher levels of emotional intelligence in service delivery.

The biological processes involved in diseases like human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and tuberculosis (TB) require extensive research, particularly when both diseases occur together. This piece of research delves to explore a new fractional-order mathematical model that examines the co-dynamics of HIV and TB, taking into account the treatment effects. Although no definitive vaccine or cure for HIV exists, antiretroviral therapy (ART) can slow disease spread and prevent subsequent complications. The basic properties of the fractional model in the Caputo sense, including existence, uniqueness, positivity, and boundedness, are proved using crucial mathematical tools. The disease-free and endemic equilibria are determined for the co-infection model, along with the basic reproduction numbers for TB and for HIV, using the next-generation matrix technique. A comprehensive analysis is conducted to determine the local and global stability of the disease-free equilibrium point by applying the Routh–Hurwitz criteria and constructing a Lyapunov function, respectively. The stability of the disease-free state is also verified graphically by considering different initial conditions and observing the convergence of the curves to the disease-free equilibrium point. Furthermore, the model is examined under different scenarios by varying the reproduction numbers, specifically when and 1$$\\end{document}]]>, and when 1$$\\end{document}]]> and . Using actual data from the USA from 1999 to 2022, crucial parameters are estimated. The final fitting of the model with real data demonstrates how effectively the model framework aligns with the data. Finally, computational simulations are performed for different cases to illustrate the behavior of the model solutions by varying the fractional order derivative, as well as examining the solution’s behavior with respect to the stability points.

This study investigates the impact of performance management systems (PMS) as a mediator for employees’ motivation on collaborative culture within the construction sector of Kabul, Afghanistan. Utilizing a survey-based approach, data was collected from employees across various construction firms to assess the relationships between these variables. The analysis was conducted using regression analysis through the Process Hayse Macro, which allowed for the examination of mediation effects. The findings reveal a significant relationship between employees’ motivation and collaborative culture, with the performance management system playing a crucial mediating role. Specifically, the study highlights that an effective PMS enhances employees’ motivation, which in turn fosters a more collaborative work environment.

Background The rise of multidrug-resistant pathogens and emerging new microbes due to climate change highlight the urgent need for alternative antimicrobials. Plants, as they adapt to environmental shifts, produce diverse metabolites with potent antibacterial properties, offering a sustainable source to combat antibiotic resistance and emerging microbial threats. In this context, Citrullus colocynthis fruits, known for their antimicrobial activity and adaptation to the hot Gulf region, were screened to identify accessions with strong antibacterial activity and distinct metabolic profiles. Methods The rinds and pulps of three C. colocynthis accessions were screened for their effectiveness against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC50) tests determined activity levels, and GC-MS/MS metabolic profiling analyzed the chemical composition of rind and pulp extracts. Enrichment and network analyses were performed to identify metabolic pathways and potential bacterial targets. Results Rind extracts demonstrated stronger antibacterial activity than pulp, with accession S2 showing the highest activity against S. aureus (MIC50 = 15.74 μg/ml), outperforming other accessions. Metabolic profiling revealed distinct metabolite clusters between rind and pulp, with the rind containing unique compounds like butyric acid, α-linolenic acid, and β-sitosterol. Enrichment analysis indicated that unsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis and other fatty acid metabolism pathways were enriched in the accession S2 rind, supporting its antibacterial potency. Network analysis pinpointed bacterial fatty acid synthase enzymes (FabZ, FabI, and FabH) as potential S. aureus targets of C. colocynthis rind fatty acids. Conclusions The distinct metabolic profiles and strong antibacterial activity of C. colocynthis rind, especially in accession S2, underscore its potential as a sustainable source for plant-based nutraceuticals. Its unique adaptability and antimicrobial properties present a promising strategy for combating multidrug-resistant pathogens.

Cyclophosphamide (CYP) is an effective chemotherapeutic and immunosuppressive agent; however, its clinical application is limited by a variety of toxic side effects. Mitochondrial dysfunction has been associated with the pathogenesis of chemotherapy-induced cardiotoxicity. This work aimed to evaluate the possible protective effect of galangin (Gal) on CYP-induced cardiotoxicity, pointing to its ability to promote mitochondrial biogenesis. Thirty two male rats were allocated equally into four groups: control; Gal-treated; CYP-treated; and Gal + CYP-treated groups. Markers of cardiac injury, oxidative/antioxidant status, inflammation, apoptosis, and mitochondrial function were assessed in addition to histopathological and electrocardiographic (ECG) evaluation. The current results revealed that Gal treatment significantly attenuated the cardiac injury and retrieved the alterations in cardiac histopathology and ECG changes. Also, it restored redox balance, as evidenced by the alleviation of malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and increased glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity. Gal activated the sirtuin (SIRT) 1/nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)-mediated signaling pathway, as indicated by upregulation of SIRT1, Nrf2, SIRT3, and mitochondrial transcription factor (TFAM), in addition to increased levels of superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD)2 and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PGC-1α), together with increased activity of citrate synthase (CS), pointing to improved mitochondrial function. It ameliorated the inflammation and apoptosis-associated markers supported by biochemical and immunostaining data. Our study provided novel insights elucidating the mitigative potential of against CYP-induced cardiac oxidative damage, inflammation, apoptosis, and mitochondrial dysfunction by upregulating the SIRT1/Nrf2/SIRT3/PGC-1α/TFAM survival pathway.

Introduction and Objectives: Programming of cochlear implant's (CI) map is performed by behavioural testing in most patients. A good map is needed to give access to hearing and speech perception, which enables better speech understanding and development. Programming based on behavioural responses may be difficult in young children because they cannot provide adequate feedback. Objective measures, such as Electrical Stapedius Reflex Threshold (ESRT), have become paramount to predict optimal current levels. This study is designed to compare the results of ESRT-based maps to behaviourally-based maps in terms of audiometric and speech performances for users.Materials and Methods: The study was a prospective study which was performed on 34 CI users. ESRT was recorded for each electrode for every user. Behavioural-based map was compared with ESRT-based map regarding outcome measures. Aided pure tone average (PTA) and aided speech discrimination scores (SDS) were performed for each user. Both tests were done for each implantee twice, once for each different map used.Results: Although ESRT-based maps produced satisfactory outcome measures, aided PTA and aided SDS were statistically significantly worse compared with behavioural maps in all the studied group. There was a high statistically significant positive correlation between ESRT and behavioural C-levels at every electrode number. This signifies that ESRT is a statistically significant predictor for behavioural C-levels.Conclusion: Although ESRT-based mapping produced satisfactory results for most users, behavioural-based mapping is superior regarding outcome measures. ESRT is a particularly good predictor for behavioural C-levels and a reliable mapping alternative in challenging cases.

contributing to the rate of water waste is overflow from overhead tanks. A crucial component that lessens human intervention in preventing such circumstances is the use of an automatic water level control mechanism. In this research, we suggest an intelligent system to regulate the water level and the process of turning on and off. The water level is detected by this method using an ultrasonic sensor and an Arduino. The water level is calculated in percentage based on the sound the water makes, and the result is displayed on the LCD screen. The water level is computed up to 100%. The relay switch attached to this system will automatically turn on and off when the water level exceeds the preset algorithmic value, which is then displayed on the LCD screen. When the water level falls to 0%, it will activate automatically, and once it reaches 100%, it will switch off. Additionally, we will observe that the pump will not operate in the absence of a water source to fill the tank since air will enter the pump and cause damage if it runs without water. Under these circumstances, the LCD panel will display the words "dry protection," which refers to the condition. Given that it would make it simpler for the user to fill the tank without assistance, the results showed that the automatic water level control device employing ultrasonic technology was effective based on readings that were practically monitored during the project's operation.

This study aims to explore the use of ACTFL standards in Arabic language listening comprehension tests at the Novice level. The ACTFL standards for the Novice level are divided into three sub-levels: Novice High, Novice Mid, and Novice Low. This research employs a qualitative approach through literature review, analyzing the "Skills Guide" by the American Council on the Teaching of Foreign Languages (ACTFL) and other relevant literature such as articles and books. The analysis reveals that a well-structured Arabic listening comprehension test for Novice learners consists of 5 questions based on ACTFL standards: 20% of the questions are at the Novice High level (3 questions), 50% are at the Novice Mid level (4 questions), and 30% are at the Novice Low level (3 questions). The findings highlight the importance of aligning language proficiency assessments with ACTFL standards to ensure effective learning outcomes at the beginner level. The implications of this research suggest that such tests can better gauge the listening comprehension skills of novice learners, thus improving the quality of language instruction.