Sambodhi Research and Communications

Objective: To appraise the knowledge of undergraduate nursing students regarding patient safety and to compare their perceived competence on patient safety in clinicals and classroom settings. Methods: The study adopted a non-experimental descriptive research design to attain the objectives of the study. The study was conducted in two nursing colleges located in Bengaluru. Purposive sampling technique was utilized to select a sample of 369 undergraduate nursing students. Knowledge of undergraduate nursing students regarding patient safety was assessed using a structured Knowledge questionnaire, which was prepared and validated by subject experts from the institution. Health Professionals Education in Patient Safety Survey (H-PEPSS) was used to compare the perceived competence of students in classroom and clinical settings about patient safety. Findings: The students were in the age group of 18-31 years with a mean age of 21.00 ± 1.73. Majority of them were females (65.3%) and undergoing BSc Nursing course (68.8%). The mean knowledge score of nursing students on patient safety was 9.16 ± 3.37 and 69.1% of the subjects had adequate knowledge on patient safety. The students expressed a significantly higher (t 367 =1.54, p=.001) perceived competence on patient safety in theory (83.48%± 16.21) compared to clinical settings (81.36 ± 20.85). The study also noted a significant positive correlation between knowledge on patient safety and perceived competence of students on patient safety in theory (r=0.55, p=.01) and clinical setting (r=0.048, p=.02). Novelty: The study revealed that while undergraduate nursing students possess a fundamental understanding of patient safety concepts, there are certain areas where their knowledge can be further improved. The study emphasizes the need for experiential learning opportunities, such as clinical simulations and hands-on training, to enhance their self-efficacy and translate theoretical knowledge into practical skills.

The present research is an attempt to find out the impact of work-family conflict on employee resilience and the role of Self-affirmative interventions in building the resilience and mitigating the impact. A total of 55 interviews were conducted. This paper proposes that work-life conflict during Covid-19 had a negative impact on psychological resilience. Moreover, various self-affirmation strategies adopted by the respondents during Covid-19 helped them to combat the work-family conflict and stress created by it. A research need has been identified by the previous research to find out the role of self-affirmation interventions in aligning the values and needs with changed or unexpected environments to tackle the work-family conflict. Moreover, the relationship between the psychological resilience and self-affirmation interventions has not been explored previously, particularly in the Indian Context.

BackgroundCentral line-associated bloodstream infection (CLABSI) is the most common hospital-acquired infection. However, studies evaluating the factors associated with the risk of CLABSI in pediatric intensive care units (PICU) were limited in India.ObjectiveThe objective of our study is to evaluate the association of factors and the etiology causing CLABSI.Study designThis is a hospital-based single-center prospective study conducted in the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) of our tertiary care hospital spanning one year.ParticipantsChildren aged between two months to 15 years admitted in the PICU for more than 48 hours with central venous catheterization were included. Pearson's chi-squared test with Yates' continuity correction and logistic regression with odds ratio were calculated by R statistical software (R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria) and a p-value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant.ResultsOur analysis showed that factors such as young age (2-12 months), high pediatric risk of mortality (PRISM III) score (> 15), leukocytosis, neutrophilia, anemia, change of central venous catheter, duration of catheterization (>7 days), exposure to blood products, use of steroids, inotropes, and prophylactic antibiotics were significantly associated with increased risk of CLABSIs with an odds ratio of 4.53, 4.54, 2.91, 4.56, 4.76, 3.74, 2.49, 2.41, 7.22, 6.77 and 5.16 respectively (p<0.05). Further, factors such as older age (>12 months) and low PRISM III score (≤ 15) significantly reduce the risk of CLABSIs by 83.64% and 69.14% respectively (p<0.05).ConclusionIn conclusion, our results revealed that factors such as young age, high PRISM III score, leukocytosis, neutrophilia, anemia, change of central venous catheter, duration of catheterization (> 7 days), exposure to blood products during the hospital stay, use of steroids, inotropes, and prophylactic antibiotics were identified as risk factors for CLABSI.

The concept of ‘Asian Century’ has yet to be widely embraced among the scholars and practitioners of International Relations. If the Asian Century has indeed become ‘a defining feature of the 21st century’, it matters to discuss the rivalry between two super powers of Asia and its relationships with the outside the region. The current century has been signalled as the age of Asia that is marching forward, beginning of the current century has witnessed the degree of economic progress of emerging powers like China and India. It has significantly surpassing that of the United States and the European Union. The regional economic growth is likely to determine the potential of the current century as ‘Asian Century’. India and China are the two most populous nations globally; geographical neighbours seek global and regional influence through economic progress and a mixed option of ‘soft’ and ‘hard’ power. Limits to India’s traditional influence in South Asian regional politics have been exacerbated by China’s recent expansion of trade, military, diplomatic and developmental ties with countries of South Asian, which challenge the India’s hegemonic traditional influence in the South Asian region. In response, India is developing a new, proactive security policy that seeks to counter Chinese political narratives and infrastructure projects in South Asia. The rivalry between India and China has entered its sixth decade. Although the territorial disputes began in the 1950s, it has become a deep-rooted, enduring rivalry since the 1962 border warfare between the two states. Sino-Indian tensions and suspicions have remained over their disputed border, called LAC (the Line of Actual Control). This study examines the idea of ‘Asian Century dream’ in the context of India-China strategic rivalry. The article is structured into three main parts. The first part outlines the concept of the ‘Asian century dream’, while the second part analyzes the current power politics in Asia. Finally, the third part investigates how the competition between the two major Asian powers affects the realization of the Asian century dream.

The aim of the present study was to characterize the pigment from the fungus Fusarium chlamydosporum following the evaluation of its anti-inflammatory activity on RAW 264.7 macrophage cell line. The red pigment extracted from F. chlamydosporum was subjected to series of purification techniques wherein the pigment was identified to be lycopene. The cytotoxicity of the pigment as well as evaluation of anti-inflammatory activity was carried out on normal human lung fibroblast MRC-5 cell line and LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophage cell line, respectively. The inhibition of cytokines IL-1β and IL-6 was assessed by indirect ELISA. The gene expression of COX-2 and IL-1β in lycopene-treated cells was carried out by real-time PCR wherein the expressions of both the pro-inflammatory markers were found to be down-regulated. The study concludes the production of lycopene from F. chlamydosporum when grown in a complex medium. The pigment showed profound anti-inflammatory activity in vitro. The present findings of lycopene production by the fungus F. chlamydosporum can be a major break-through in the research field for the production of natural pigments with high yield against various ailments.

Abstract Despite the importance of safe sanitation and hygiene for sustainable development and public health, approximately half of India's rural population lacks access to safely managed sanitation. Policies prioritizing improved sanitation access have accelerated coverage, yet barriers to universal access and use remain. In this paper, we investigate how personal experience with a public health shock impacts recall of public health messages and households' sanitation and hygiene practices. Using a panel survey conducted before and after the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic, and the resulting lockdown, in Bihar, India, we compare public health messaging recall and hygiene and sanitation behaviors among households that experienced severe economic disruptions due to the COVID-19 lockdown and those that did not. We find that households that experienced economic disruptions had a higher recall of public health messaging around safe sanitation and hygiene. In addition, households that experienced these disruptions reported more social distancing, increased handwashing behavior, and reduced open defecation. A major public health shock, the COVID-19 pandemic, increased messaging around the importance of safe hygiene and sanitation for public health in India. We find that personal experience increased the salience of public health messaging, with positive returns to sanitation and hygiene practices.

Abstract Structural complexity of ecological networks facilitate the functional robustness of natural ecosystems. Threatened by the human actions such as habitat destruction and climate change, species may be more or less prone to ecological perturbations depending on the nature of their interactions. We examined the host network of tropical butterflies from the Indian region to see their level of interconnectedness. We manually curated larval host utilization data for 1053 butterflies of India. About 98.8% of species that occur pan-India and 90.6% of species exclusive to the Western Ghats had known hosts whereas it was only 25.9% for species exclusive to north-east India. There were 2589 unique butterfly-host interactions comprising 519 butterfly species and their 1091 known hosts. However, nearly 30% of the species had only single hosts. The Fabaceae and Poaceae were the key host families that accounted for 32.8% of the interactions. There were clear host preferences and monocots hosted disproportionately more butterfly species and interactions. Vanessa cardui had at least 39 known hosts while Ochlandra travancorica supported 19 butterfly species. There were 2693 species-pairs and 4226 interactions among 469 butterflies due to shared hosts. Many butterfly species that have relatively few/unique hosts might be vulnerable in the context of habitat destruction and climate change. This work has great relevance to the ecology and conservation of butterflies in India.

In order to offer an accurate image of the fruit's quality, quantity, and maturity, fruit monitoring is an essential tool. Observing each individual tree in a huge farm to learn about the fruits is challenging. There are various limitations to using the manual inspection technique. There are different applications of the image processing and IoT sensors in various sectors. Using image processing for crop diagnostics is popular in the agriculture business. The IoT-based system is able to remotely monitor field conditions owing to sensors. This paper presents a framework for ripe fruit monitoring using image processing and the sensor based Internet of Things (IoT). On the other hand, the correlation coefficients (R2) for fruit counting and size estimation are 0.996% and 0.998% respectively.