Sanofi (Hungary)

The presence of microplastics in drinking water has become an issue of growing concern, and there is a need for reliable and standardized methods to monitor their presence and impact. In the Danube River Basin (DRB), different countries employ a variety of instruments and approaches to deal with this challenge. Techniques such as FTIR and Raman spectroscopy are among the most commonly used due to their ability to provide detailed analysis and identification of plastic polymers. However, these methods come with drawbacks, including high costs, the need for specialized training, and their time-intensive nature. Other techniques, such as Py-GCMS and SEM, are also utilized, but their availability and application largely depend on the resources and priorities of each country. A critical issue is the lack of standardization in monitoring microplastic across the region, while some countries possess modern, state-of-the-art equipment and , experienced laboratories, others are still in the process of building their capacity. Moreover, EU countries have to comply to the directive, while non-EU countries have no strict legislative framework. Comparing the results of microplastic detection is thus challenging at the regional scale and meaningful conclusions are hard to be drawn. For this reason, there's a strong drive toward standardized protocols that could get everyone on the same page, right from sample collection to sample preparation and analysis. However, the challenge extends beyond standardization of monitoring processes. The more complex issue is how to bridge the gap between the nations with highly developed possibilities and countries which are just developing these capabilities. Collaboration is the keyword: share expertise, invest in training, and develop cheaper technologies. In the MicroDrink project, we developed the MicroDrink Knowledge Base (https://microdrink.wordpress.com/) which is an online open-access database providing comprehensive information on the existing sampling methods, analytical instruments, laboratory techniques, previous and ongoing projects, relevant legislation, guidelines, and laboratories offering microplastic analysis in the Danube region.

IntroductionThe EDITION development program confirmed that insulin glargine 300 U/mL (Gla-300) provides comparable glycemic control to insulin glargine 100 U/mL (Gla-100) but with lower hypoglycemia risk. Our study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of Gla-300 in everyday practice.MethodsThis one-arm, non-interventional study included patients with type 2 diabetes who were switched to Gla-300-based basal-bolus therapy (BBT) and followed for 6 months. Indications for switching included inadequate glycemic control and/or hypoglycemic events with the previous regimen.ResultsOverall 229 patients were included, with mean age of 60.9 years. All glycemic variables improved between baseline and 6 months significantly (mean ± standard deviation [SD] hemoglobin A1c [HbA1c] from 8.9 ± 1.5% to 7.5 ± 1.1%, fasting blood glucose from 9.5 ± 3.1 mmol/L to 7.0 ± 2.1 mmol/L, postprandial blood glucose from 12.0 ± 3.8 mmol/L to 8.9 ± 2.5 mmol/L). Gla-300 doses were increased and mealtime insulin doses were unchanged. Rates of both non-severe and severe hypoglycemic events decreased significantly compared to pre-study and 6-month follow-up periods. Patients switched because of elevated HbA1c had higher baseline HbA1c and greater decrease in HbA1c paralleled with increase in insulin doses compared to those switched because of hypoglycemia.ConclusionsIn day-to-day practice, switching from human insulin to Gla-300-based BBT resulted in significant improvement in glycemic control and decrease in hypoglycemia risk.

Abstract Application of bis(2,2,2‐trifluoroethyl) 2‐oxoalkylphosphonate reagents made the Horner‐Wadsworth‐Emmons reactions suitable for the formation of not only E ‐ but Z ‐unsaturated enones. By this modification, the synthesis of the geometric isomers can be performed by similar reactions. However, preparation of bis(2,2,2‐trifluoroethyl) phosphonates by the known methods, raises difficulties. To overcome this challenge, we have previously optimized the reaction parameters for the preparation of these phosphonates. During our work the main impurities were isolated and their structure elucidated. In the present work, we aimed at revealing the mechanisms of these sophisticated chemical transformations using computational methods and experimental results.

Flow cytometry is one of the most widely used methods for the qualitative and quantitative analysis of cell surface expressed proteins by making use of fluorescent specific antibodies. Lacking an antibody validated for flow cytometry, an alternative approach for labeling cell surface receptors is the use of fluorescently tagged ligands. In this study, histamine H4 receptor transfected Chinese hamster ovary cells and murine bone marrow-derived mast cells (mBMMCs) were selected for studying the possibility of staining individual histamine receptors using BODIPY(®) FL histamine and selective antagonists. Flow cytometric measurements and supporting calculations showed that BODIPY FL histamine is suitable tool for quantitating cell surface histamine receptors. The binding, and competitive inhibition of this fluorescent ligand were characterized, which were in good agreement with a semi-empirical model constructed from fundamental protein-binding relationships. Using this method it was shown for the first time that even though mature mBMMCs express H2R and H4R to the same extent, immunoglobulin E sensitization results in H4R upregulation only, while the surface expression of H2R remains unchanged.

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Cilazapril: An ACE Inhibitor Atorvastatin: A HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitor PDE4 Inhibitors GPIIb/IIIa Antagonists HIV Protease Inhibitors Epilogue References

The hemodynamic and antiadrenergic effects of dronedarone, a noniodinated compound structurally related to amiodarone, were compared with those of amiodarone after prolonged oral administration, both at rest and during sympathetic stimulation in conscious dogs with a healed myocardial infarction. All dogs (n = 6) randomly received orally dronedarone (10 and 30 mg/kg), amiodarone (10 and 30 mg/kg), and placebo twice daily for 7 days, with a 3-week washout between consecutive treatments. Heart rate (HR), mean arterial pressure (MBP), positive rate of increase of left ventricular pressure (+LVdP/dt), echocardiographically assessed left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), and fractional shortening (FS), as well as chronotropic response to isoproterenol and exercise-induced sympathetic stimulation were evaluated under baseline and posttreatment conditions. Resting values of LVEF, FS, +LVdP/dt, and MBP remained unchanged whatever the drug and the dosing regimen, whereas resting HR was significantly and dose-dependently lowered after dronedarone and to a lesser extent after amiodarone. Both dronedarone and amiodarone significantly reduced the exercise-induced tachycardia and, at the highest dose, decreased the isoproterenol-induced tachycardia. Thus, dronedarone and amiodarone displayed a similar level of antiadrenergic effect and did not impair the resting left ventricular function. Consequently, dronedarone might be particularly suitable for the treatment and prevention of various clinical arrhythmias, without compromising the left ventricular function.

Immune complexes were isolated immediately after the onset of the symptoms of myocardial infarction on an anti-Clq affinity column. The platelet proaggreagatory effects of these immune complexes were compared with those isolated from patients suffering from pulmonary cancer. A markedly increased proaggregatory effect of immune complexes derived from patients with myocardial infarction and changes in the sensitivity of platelets from healthy volunteers to PGI2 (prostacyclin) and PGD2 were found. In contrast, immune complexes from patients with pulmonary cancer did not show any significant effect. The antigenic part of immune complexes is probably relevant in the induction of platelet aggregation.

Immune complexes were isolated immediately after the onset of the symptoms of myocardial infarction on an anti-Clq affinity column. The platelet proaggregatory effects of these immune complexes were compared with those isolated from patients suffering from pulmonary cancer. A markedly increased proaggregatory effect of immune complexes derived from patients with myocardial infarction and changes in the sensitivity of platelets from healthy volunteers to PGI(2) (prostacyclin) and PGD(2) were found. In contrast, immune complexes from patients with pulmonary cancer did not show any significant effect. The antigenic part of immune complexes is probably relevant in the induction of platelet aggregation.