Santiago Canyon College

We explored the potential impact of climate-driven factors [East Atlantic-West Russian pattern, sea surface level (SSL), sea surface temperature (SST) and river discharge] alongside fishing effort (E) on shifts in aquatic species demographics. Dynamic factor analysis (DFA) was employed for indices of annual catch (Cat), Abundance (Abu), fingerlings released, spawning stock biomass (SSB), percentage of immature (Imm), mega spawners and relative condition factor from datasets of Chelon aurata and Rutilus kutum over 30 years. Of 324 DFA models, the optimal model for both species included a “diagonal and unequal“ R matrix with SST, SSL and E as exploratory covariates, revealing one common trend for C. aurata and SST and SSL and two common trends for R. kutum. Within the common trend for C. aurata, Abu and SSB displayed a strong positive correlation with trend 1. In the case of R. kutum, the first common trend showed a positive correlation with Cat, Abu, and SSB and a negative one with Imm. Also, rising SST and decreasing SSL negatively affect species’ health. This study emphasizes integrated monitoring and management to sustain fish species and the ecosystem, advocating adaptive strategies to counter environmental stressors and anthropogenic effects.

In 1960, Dakar became the capital of Senegal. It became an African city in the fullest sense, realizing a political status that matched its composition and urban identity. This book has shown that identity to have been forged by city dwellers as they sought to mitigate the racism embedded in colonialism to make Dakar a resource and a livable space that suited their own needs. This historical foundation, paired with Dakar's role as an economic, social, and cultural mecca in its region, poised the city for rapid growth once the changes of the mid-1940s set in. The capital grew in population, and trans-formative change in the city's landscape followed in the 1950s as intensive development took place in the waning years of colonialism. By the time of independence in 1960, the greater agglomeration that constituted Dakar had a population of almost half a million people, a milestone it more than doubled only fifteen years later.

ABSTRACT This study examines the impact of International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) adoption on bilateral trade of accounting services. Applying the gravity model to a sample of 13 exporting and 33 importing countries for five years (2001, 2002, 2007, 2008, and 2017), we find that accounting services exports are unaffected by whether both trade partners have jointly adopted IFRS. As a secondary analysis, accounting services exports are found to decrease when trade partners are more dissimilar in their per capita income, with weak evidence that this effect may be muted if both countries adopt IFRS.

In the United States multispecies habitat conservation plans were meant to be the solution to conflicts between economic development and protection of biological diversity. Although now widely applied, questions exist concerning the scientific credibility of the conservation planning process and effectiveness of the plans. We used ants to assess performance of one of the first regional conservation plans developed in the United States, the Orange County Central-Coastal Natural Community Conservation Plan (NCCP), in meeting its broader conservation objectives of biodiversity and ecosystem-level protection. We collected pitfall data on ants for over 3 years on 172 sites established across a network of conservation lands in coastal southern California. Although recovered native ant diversity for the study area was high, site-occupancy models indicated the invasive and ecologically disruptive Argentine ant (Linepithema humile) was present at 29% of sites, and sites located within 200 m of urban and agricultural areas were more likely to have been invaded. Within invaded sites, native ants were largely displaced, and their median species richness declined by more than 60% compared with uninvaded sites. At the time of planning, 24% of the 15,133-ha reserve system established by Orange County NCCP fell within 200 m of an urban or agricultural edge. With complete build out of lands surrounding the reserve, the proportion of the reserve system vulnerable to invasion will grow to 44%. Our data indicate that simply protecting designated areas from development is not enough. If habitat conservation plans are to fulfill their conservation promise of ecosystem-level protection, a more-integrated and systematic approach to the process of habitat conservation planning is needed.

Recent versions of pairwise random matching models of money with divisible and perishable goods are amended to allow individuals to hold more than one unit of an indivisible asset. The asset resembles a fiat asset, except that nominal holdings of it yield a small amount of utility. There is a general upper bound on the number of units of the asset that individuals can hold. A steady state with trade is shown to exist. The model is applied to study numerically the effect on welfare of the degree to which the asset is divisible.