Savara (Denmark)

<em>Mazkur maqolada tarjima jarayonida muqobil so‘zlarni tanlash, ekstralingvistik unsurlar va tarjimadagi ba’zi g‘alizliklar haqida mulohazalar bildiriladi. </em>

Inhaled granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) has been proposed as a potential immunomodulatory treatment of non-tuberculous mycobacterial (NTM) infection. The aim of this pilot trial was to investigate the efficacy and safety of inhaled GM-CSF (molgramostim nebulizer solution) on treatment-refractory NTM (<i>M. avium</i>&nbsp;complex or&nbsp;<i>M. abscessus</i>) infection, either in combination with ongoing multidrug guideline-based therapy (GBT), or as a monotherapy in patients who had stopped GBT due to lack of efficacy or intolerability. 32 adult patients with chronic, culture positive NTM infection were recruited into two cohorts: with (14) or without (18) ongoing GBT. Inhaled GM-CSF 300 µg/day was given over 48 weeks. Sputum cultures and smears, and clinical assessments (6-Minute Walk Test, symptom scores, Quality of Life Questionnaire – Bronchiectasis, and body weight) were collected 4-weekly during treatment, and 12 weeks after end of treatment. The primary endpoint was sputum culture conversion, defined as three consecutive negative cultures during the treatment period. Five patients (15.6%) achieved culture conversion; in 2 patients it was durable after end of treatment. Among 29 smear positive patients, 11 (37.9%) achieved smear conversion (9 durable). Sputum and smear conversion rates were similar in the two cohorts. Clinical endpoints did not improve. Serious adverse events were mainly pulmonary exacerbations or worsening NTM infection. Three deaths, not treatment-related, were reported. In this population of patients with severe NTM disease, inhaled GM-CSF did not result in significant culture conversion rate, although a slight reduction in bacterial load was observed.

Background: Tuberculosis is still a global health problem. Most common presentation of extrapulmonary tuberculosis is tuberculous lymphadenitis. In our setting, keeping huge burden of tuberculosis in mind, clinicians have to depend on pathological diagnosis of enlarged lymph nodes, i.e., cytomorphology with acid-fast staining in diagnosing these cases so that diagnosis and management of such cases can be initiated quickly. Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) of lymph nodes has been a simple, rapid and cost-effective procedure for diagnosis of various causes of lymphadenopathies.&#x0D; Objective: To determine the diagnostic accuracy of fine needle aspiration cytology in providing a diagnosis of tuberculous lymphadenitis patients in Bangladesh.&#x0D; Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was done on 317 subjects in Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU) in collaboration with icddr,b. After clinical examination, fine needle aspiration (FNA) was done. The FNA materials were processed for Papanicoulaou staining (PAP stain), Ziehl-Neelsen staining and culture for the diagnosis of tuberculosis. Sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values of FNAC were determined where culture was taken as the gold standard.&#x0D; Results: Initially 351 clinically suspected tuberculous lymphadenitis patients were enrolled, but 34 cases were excluded due to diagnosis of malignancy. Among them 123 were male and 194 were female. Mean age was 27.91±13.16 years. Among the subjects 95.9% presented with cervical lymphadenopathy, others presented with lymphadenopathy of axillary or other groups of lymph nodes. The results of cytomorphological diagnosis of TB were in 58.36% cases, and culture was positive in 23.3% cases. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of cytomorphological diagnosis were 79.7%, 48.1%, 31.9% and 88.6% respectively.&#x0D; Conclusions: FNAC is an effective diagnostic method for tuberculous lymphadenitis. It can diagnose granulomatous inflammation as well as reactive and other disease conditions including malignancies, thereby providing more information about the patient’s disease status.&#x0D; J Enam Med Col 2019; 9(1): 30-33

Poultry and poultry products are the leading causes of foodborne salmonellosis worldwide. Antibiotics are used to control Salmonella spp. in poultry but its uncontrolled use results in the emergence of resistant pathogens.The use of bacteriophages as antimicrobial agents to control antibiotic resistant pathogenic bacteria could be a possible alternative. The aim of this study was to isolate, characterize and evaluate the effectiveness of bacteriophages for reducingload of Salmonella spp. on eggshells. One bacteriophage named as Sal-PE, specific to Salmonella enteritidiswas isolated from poultry excreta. For isolation, samples were subject to an enrichment protocol and then double agar layer method was performed to detect plaque. It had the capability to survive in wide range of pH between 4 to 10and found to be resistant at 60°C for 1 hour. Sal” PE showed its lytic effect on 13 of the 15 (87%) isolates including Salmonella enteritidis and Salmonella typhimurium which were recovered from 50 poultry excreta samples. After enrichment and growth on selective media, isolates were identified based on cultural characteristics, microscopic observation and biochemical tests. Amplification of three different genes (invA, sdfI, fliC) were carried out tocharacterize those isolates in molecular level. All isolates were found to be resistant to penicillin G, ampicillin, oxacillin and clindamycin but sensitive to ciprofloxacin, streptomycin, cefixime and chloramphenicol. Lytic efficiency of Sal-PE was determined by observing the reduction in optical density due to destruction of pathogens. Though more studies are needed in order to evaluate phage effectiveness, our findingsare expected to help us in initiating the development of a better preventive approach to control the occurrence of Salmonella spp. on eggshells.&#x0D; Bangladesh J Microbiol, Volume 35 Number 1 June 2018, pp 37-44

Background : Meconium is a dark greenish mass of desquamated cells, mucus, and bile that accumulates in the bowel of a fetus and is typically discharged shortly after birth. Meconium stained amniotic fluid (MSAF) has long been considered to be a bad predictor of fetal outcome.Objective : The aim of this study was to determine if the perinatal outcome is affected by mode of delivery in meconium-stained amniotic fluid.Methodology : This ovservational study was carried out in the department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology in Dhaka Medical College Hospital from July 2016 to June 2017. A total of 204 women who satisfied the inclusion and exclusion criteria were taken for the study. The study group comprised of 102 women admitted in labour and having meconium stained amniotic fluid and 102 women in labour but having clear amniotic fluid were taken as comparision group.Results : The mean age was found 26.6±5.9 years in MSAF group and 26.2±5.0 years in clear liquor group. The mean gestational age was found 38.9±1.8 weeks in MSAF group and 38.5±1.3 weeks in clear liquor group. Risk factors were not statistically significant (p&gt;0.05) between two groups. Forty-one (40.2%) patients had caesarian section in MSAF group and 19(18.6%) in clear liquor group. APGAR score at 1 minute and at 5 minute were statistically significant (p&lt;0.05) between two groups. About 100(98.0%) babies were alive in MSAF group and 101(99.0%) in clear liquor group.Conclusion : Meconium stained amniotic fluid group was associated with higher rate of cesarean delivery, increased need for neonatal resuscitation, increased rate of PIH, pre-eclamsia, Oligohydramnios, IUGR, Post dated pregnancy, Rh incompatibility, GDM and long time hospital stay and hospital mortality.Northern International Medical College Journal Vol.9(2) Jan 2018: 304-307

Background: Quality of semen is very important during intrauterine insemination.Objectives: The purpose of the present study was to observe the changes of quality of semen after swim up method during intrauterine insemination.Methodology: This analytical type of cross-sectional study was carried out at a private infertility centre (Central Hospital Limited, Dhaka) in Dhaka city of Bangladesh from January 2012 to December 2017 for a period of 6 years. Infertile couples who already had undergone natural cycles of super-ovulation for six months or whose duration of infertility was more than one year were included. Semen samples were collected by the process of masturbation in semen production room after three days of abstinence in sterile, labelled container. After production all samples were placed in an incubator at 37 degrees Celsius for 30 minutes for liquefaction. Routine semen analysis was performed using World Health Organizations’ (WHO) semen analysis criteria. Then the samples were randomly assigned to be processed either with swim-up or density-gradient procedure.Result: A total number of 789 male respondents were recruited for this study. The mean age with SD of the study population was 28.96±5.382 with the range of 19 to 46 years. The mean changes of sperm concentration before and after swim up method was 52.70±42.88 with the 95% confidence of 49.58 to 55.82 (p=0.000). The mean changes of sperm motility before and after swim up method was 29.03±14.849 with the 95% confidence of 30.11 to 27.95 (p=0.000). The mean changes of sperm morphology before and after swim up method was 23.96±11.328 (p=0.000).Conclusion: There is a significant changes of quality of semen after swim up method during intrauterine inseminationJournal of National Institute of Neurosciences Bangladesh, 2018;4(1): 54-57

Background: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a major cause of chronic morbidity and mortality worldwide. Acute exacerbation is an acute and sustained worsening of a patient’s condition from a stable state (beyond normal day-to-day variations) and it is caused in majority by infectious agents, particularly bacteria.Objectives: The aim of this study was to find out the pattern of sputum bacteriology and antibiotic sensitivity in patients admitted into respiratory ward of Enam Medical College Hospital (EMCH) with acute exacerbation of COPD (AECOPD).Materials and Methods: This study included 60 patients who presented with acute exacerbation of COPD. The patients were classified into several groups according to different variables, such as age, pack years, severity, O2 saturation on admission, sputum type. Bacteriological investigations were performed for all patients and included gram staining together with culture and sensitivity testing of all sputum samples.Results: Klebsiella pneumoniae was the most common isolate in patients with COPD exacerbations admitted into the respiratory ward of Enam Medical College &amp; Hospital followed by Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pneumoniae. Three cases of Pseudomonus aeruginosa were detected. Gentamicin and meropenem were the most sensitive antibiotics in all patient groups in the ward. Majority of Klebsiella pneumoniae, Streptococcus pneumoniae and Staphylococcus aureus were sensitive to ceftriaxone, levofloxacin and moxifloxacin.Conclusion: This study reveals that gentamicin, ceftriaxone and moxifloxacin can be the drugs of choice in treating AECOPD in our setting.J Enam Med Col 2018; 8(2): 80-84

Background: Human hand is one of the most versatile parts of the human body which plays an important role in modern medical science and evolutionary biology. By virtue of evolution and genetic arrangements, digital lengths vary from person to person according to age, sex, races, occupation or even environmental influences. It has been found that the digital lengths and their ratios are not same in different sexes and even in both hands of same individual. Specially, index to ring digit lengths and their ratios which already have been proved to represent sexual dimorphism may differ in both hands of an individual and show positive correlations with other morphological attributes like height, weight and BMI.Objectives: To analyze the variation of index finger (2D) length and its correlation with height, weight and BMI in adult Bangladeshi male.Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional analytical study was conducted in the department of Anatomy, Dhaka Medical College, Dhaka from July 2012 to June 2013 on 100 male MBBS students (20?25 years of age). With the help of digital vernier caliper measurements of index finger length (2D) was recorded. Height and weight were measured by the stadiometer and weighing scale respectively. BMI was calculated from height and weight. Pearson’s correlation analysis was done to find out the correlation of index finger length with height, weight and BMI.Results: Significant correlation has been found between the lengths of index fingers (2D) and height (p&lt;0.01), but there was no significant correlation of index finger length with weight and BMI (p&gt;0.05).Conclusion: In this study, we found variation in index finger lengths of both hands of Bangladeshi male subjects, which needs further study and comparison.J Enam Med Col 2017; 7(2): 90-94

Introduction: Neonatal sepsis can alter the glucose level and both hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia may occur. A high or low blood glucose level may have a significant effect on the outcomes in patients of neonatal sepsis.Objective: To see the glycemic status and its effect on outcome of neonatal sepsis.Methods: This prospective observational study was done in the department of paediatrics, Sylhet MAG Osmani Medical College Hospital, Sylhet from July 2013 to December 2013. Clinically suspected neonatal sepsis cases were enrolled in the study. Venous blood was collected before giving any intravenous fluid or antibiotics for blood sugar, full blood counts, CRP levels and blood culture and send to labouratory within half hour of collection. All patients included in this study were treated accordingly and followed up strictly. Blood glucose level and mortality of neonates having hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia were analyzed among CRP and culture positive patients. Quantitative data were expressed as mean and standard deviation. Qualitative data were expressed as frequency and percentage and comparison carried by Chisquare (÷2) test.Results: A total of 62 patients clinically diagnosed as neonatal sepsis were studied. Fifty two (83.9%) patients were found CRP positive and 21(33.9%) patients were blood culture positive. Glycemic status was analyzed among CRP and culture positive patients. Majority (71.2%) patients were found normoglycemic, 13.5% were found hypoglycemic and 15.3% were found hyperglycemic in this study. Fifty one (82.2%) patients were cured and 9(17.8%) were died. Mortality was high in hypoglycaemic patients (42.8%) compare with normoglycaemic patients (10.8%), but the difference was not statistically significant (p&gt;0.05) between two groups whereas mortality was also high in hyperglycaemic patients (50%) compare with normoglycaemic patients (10.8%) and the difference was statistically significant (p&lt;0.05) between two groups.Conclusion: Alteration of glycemic status occurred in septic newborn. Mortality is higher among the septic newborn with hyperglycemia.Bangladesh J Child Health 2016; VOL 40 (1) :21-25

Abstract not availableJ Enam Med Col 2017; 7(1): 50-51