Schenck Process (Germany)

<div class="section abstract"><div class="htmlview paragraph">There is a demonstrated need for effective design verification testing to support certification strategies for nascent electric motors and electric propulsion systems. Design efforts pursue efficiency pushing electrified propulsion rotors to be lighter and incorporate greater power density; however, there is no clear path established for supporting structural integrity and durability test requirements as required by global certification agencies.</div><div class="htmlview paragraph">Application of new materials, unique rotor design characteristics, and modified certification requirements drive unusual requirements for rotor modeling substantiated by component test data that addresses complex stress distribution characteristics.</div><div class="htmlview paragraph">Our paper addresses testing electrified propulsion rotors using spin test protocols adapted to support integrity and durability test goals. We further incorporate key concerns for planning and executing component spin tests of rotating structures necessary to support global engine certification efforts. Results from component tests are effective for mitigating risks associated with the preservation of certification test schedules and potential end product safety issues.</div><div class="htmlview paragraph">This paper presents data measurement techniques that are incorporated with specific spin tests to enhance the value of acquired data. Adapted test protocols include Overspeed and Low cycle fatigue (LCF) tests, which are more relevant types of spin tests for certification purposes.</div><div class="htmlview paragraph">Innovative measurement techniques for capturing the rotor growth behavior for both mappings the speed-dependent growth trends and the circumferential profile of deforming rotor under centrifugal load generate useful data to evaluate materials and structural behavior affecting performance up to failure.</div></div>

Casein micelles undergo shape changes when subjected to frontal filtration forces. Grazing incidence small angle X-ray scattering (GISAXS) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) allow a quantification of such structural changes on filtration cakes deposited on smooth silicon micro-sieves. A trans-membrane pressure of deltap = 400 mbar across the micro-sieve leads to an immediate film formation after deposition of casein solution. We observe significant changes in the GISAXS pattern depending on how many layers are stacked on top of each other. Compared to a deposit formed by one layer, GISAXS on a deposit formed by three layers of casein micelles leads to less scattering in the vertical and more scattering in the horizontal direction. Simulations show that the experimental results can be interpreted by a structural transformation from an originally spherical micelle shape to an ellipsoidal-deformed shape. The results are supported by AFM measurements showing a reduced lateral size of casein micelles deposited on top of a membrane pore. The observed shape changes could be due to filtration forces acting on densely packed deposits confining the micelles into ellipsoidal shapes.

Abstract Noninvasive samples are of increasing importance to study wild populations. In this study, we investigate the applicability of urine samples as the sole source of DNA for routine noninvasive genetic monitoring of wildlife using wolves (Canis lupus) as an example. Within the scope of a long‐term wolf population survey, we collected during winter snow tracking in Bieszczady Mountains, Poland 41 urine samples considered as utilizable for genetic analyses. DNA concentration was determined by quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and six microsatellite loci were genotyped in threefold repeated genotyping experiments to assess the reliability of genetic analyses of urine. DNA concentration of 33 urine samples was successfully quantified and of 14 samples, we obtained congruent results for all analysed loci and all repeated genotyping experiments. The gender of urine samples was identified with a Y‐chromosome‐linked marker. Considering the high discovery rate of urine in conjunction with its genotype reliability, our study confirms that urine is a valuable source in noninvasive genetic monitoring. Additionally, preselection of samples via qPCR proved to be a powerful tool contributing to a beneficial cost‐value ratio of genetic analyses by minimizing genotyping errors.

<div class="htmlview paragraph">A large number of production balance limits have been collected from various automotive related fields, ranging from electric motors to heavy duty truck assemblies. The production balance limits when normalized will be shown to have very similar ISO balance limits classification. They have been related to two sets of standards: balance limits for machinery and limits for human perception. The change of tolerances for some components over the last several decades will be considered, and it will be shown that these production balance limits now are closely related to limits for human perception.</div>

<div class="htmlview paragraph">For many reasons, external balances allow for a higher degree of accuracy and wider range of application than internal balances. By adoption of the well known mathematical force separation schemes from internal balances, and through the introduction of highly accurate master load cells, external balances have improved considerably during recent years. Further development, however, gives reason for additional new improvements: An optical ccd camera. controlled center of gravity measuring device with on-line correction of measured pitching moments; a removable rolling floor for better boundary layer simulation, with the advantage of easy exchange for boundary layer suction devices or solid floors; and a completely new developed combined platform and pyramidal balance. This development allows for a significant increase of adaptabilities to required measurements. As a result, measurements of models with a low reference point (cars), and models with a reference point in the tunnel axis (aircraft), are possible without any loss of accuracy. </div>

Im vorhergehenden Kapitel stand die Programmierung von Mikrocomputern im Vordergrund. Im folgenden soll nun naher auf die Schaltungstechnik eingegangen werden. Dabei wird ein modular aufgebautes System beschrieben, bei dem jede Funktionseinheit auf einer separaten Platine untergebracht ist. Die Verbindung der Platinen erfolgt uber den Mikrocomputer-Bus, der die entsprechenden Anschlusse aller Platinen parallel schaltet.

Unter einem Schaltwerk versteht man eine Anordnung zur Durchfuhrung logischer Verknupfungen mit der zusatzlichen Fahigkeit, einzelne Variablenzustande zu speichern. Die Ausgangsvariablen y j hangen im Unterschied zum Schaltnetz nicht nur von den Eingangsvariablen x i ab, sondern zusatzlich von der Vorgeschichte, die durch den Schaltzustand von Flip-Flops reprasentiert wird.