School District of Philadelphia

Genetically modified cell-based therapies hold transformative potential, particularly for patients with rare cancers and ultra-rare diseases. However, progress toward regulatory approval, reimbursement, and broad patient access is often constrained by misaligned regulatory, manufacturing, and financial frameworks that do not reflect the realities of treating small populations and low-throughput production models. Drawing on a collaborative white paper and public meeting convened by Friends of Cancer Research and the Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy in May 2025, this commentary outlines three strategies to streamline regulatory pathways and enable timely, sustainable access: (1) flexible approaches to Chemistry, Manufacturing, and Controls requirements in small populations, (2) adaptable regulatory frameworks to support diverse manufacturing models, and (3) limited cost recovery mechanisms to bridge early access and development gaps. Recent regulatory and policy discussions have echoed these priorities, signaling an opportunity to align oversight with operational realities to advance innovation and access for patients in high-need settings.

Describe how preterm infants experience residential mobility, or moving, before age 2 years. This retrospective cohort study included 9267 preterm infants followed in a mid-Atlantic urban and suburban primary care network. Multivariable regression modeling identified patient and community factors associated with residential mobility, defined by a change in Census Block Group. 2494 infants (27%) moved before age 2 years; 559 (6%) moved more than once. Extreme prematurity, compared to late prematurity, was associated with increased odds of mobility (aOR 1.26, 95% CI 1.03-1.54). Governmental insurance, male sex, a positive or missing post-partum depression screen, and neighborhood deprivation were also positively associated with mobility. Among movers, 741 (30%) first relocated before 6 months of age, and mobility rates decreased with increasing chronologic age. Early-life residential mobility is common among preterm infants, particularly extremely preterm infants. These findings have implications for discharge preparation among this vulnerable group.

Large Language Models (LLMs) have gained recognition as valuable assets across virtually all industries, yet they rely heavily on manually crafted input prompts. In real-world applications, the dependence on specialized staff, skilled prompt engineering, and domain-specific knowledge often leads to suboptimal performance and increased costs. This paper investigates the use of Genetic Algorithms (GAs) to autonomously generate, evolve, and judge LLM prompts. Specifically, we customized a standard GA implementation to handle textual individuals, which are manipulated by LLM-guided genetic operators that iteratively create and enhance candidate prompts. Additionally, LLMs are employed to assess the correctness of outputs, forming the basis of our GA's fitness function. Our findings suggest that GA-driven prompt engineering can consistently produce solutions that are superior in both accuracy and efficiency compared to those acquired by prompt engineers who possess technical skills but lack domain-specific knowledge and a full understanding of vendor-specific prompting idiosyncrasies. This conclusion is supported by experimental results obtained from four public datasets and three modern LLMs developed by OpenAI, Meta, and Mistral AI. Ultimately, this study highlights the viability and potential of fully automated optimization tools in minimizing human effort in writing high-performance prompts.

ABSTRACT This paper shares results from a social design-based experiment in which four secondary mathematics teachers pursued the design question, How can mathematics teachers design for civic learning in mathematics classrooms? Following one design cycle, we asked the empirical question, What activities did civic mathematics teaching entail? Mirra & Garcia’s (2023) conceptualization of just civic worldbuilding framed our analysis of teaching artifacts, fieldnotes, journal entries, meetings and interviews. Findings describe five activities of mathematics teaching for just civic worlds. Examples and reflections illuminate the efforts such work may demand and the possibilities it may afford.

Cet article explore le décrochage universitaire à travers la théorie des capabilités, interrogeant s’il peut représenter une forme d’autonomisation plutôt qu’un échec. L’étude repose sur une analyse qualitative de 50 récits biographiques d’étudiants de l’académie de Créteil (Seine-Saint-Denis, Val-de-Marne) et de Paris, collectés entre 2020 et 2024. Les résultats montrent que le décrochage résulte souvent d’un décalage entre aspirations personnelles et parcours imposés, amplifié par des contraintes institutionnelles telles que des choix par défaut et des pressions familiales. Si certains étudiants parviennent à transformer cette rupture en une opportunité de réorientation, d’autres se retrouvent piégés dans une précarité limitant leur capacité à rebondir. Cette recherche souligne l’importance d’un accompagnement institutionnel adapté pour faciliter la réintégration des étudiants et prône une flexibilité accrue des parcours éducatifs. Cette approche vise à garantir une plus grande liberté de choix et à réduire les inégalités d’accès à l’enseignement supérieur.

Background: Telehealth care is now a key element of mainstream health care since the COVID-19 pandemic, with all types of health care providers joining the digital revolution. As a population experiencing health care disparities, adults with developmental disabilities and their supporters have described variable experiences with telehealth care that contribute to overall care quality and health outcomes. Methods: This e-Delphi study established consensus on best practices in telehealth care for adults with developmental disabilities in the United States. Online surveys and videoconferencing interviews were conducted with 44 expert panelists with experience with telehealth care and developmental disabilities, including adults with developmental disabilities, family members, direct support professionals, nurses, and health care providers. Results: Three rounds of surveys resulted in a set of 9 guidelines consisting of 42 items. The guidelines addressed 1) appropriate situations for telehealth care, 2) communication needs and preferences, 3) support person collaboration, 4) education and anticipatory guidance, 5) reminders, 6) coordination of care, 7) equitable and fair access, 8) privacy and safety, and 9) evidence-based practice. Conclusion: Health care providers can adopt these best practice guidelines to ensure telehealth care is provided equitably and safely to adults with developmental disabilities. Policy advocacy is needed for the uptake of these guidelines and for health care providers and adults with developmental disabilities to access the resources needed for safe and effective telehealth care use.

Objectives. To identify how "cisgender" has been used in public health articles in recent years relative to the historical origins of the term to mark normative gender and describe systems of social power. Methods. I analyzed 352 US-focused public health articles (2013-2020) using a summative content analysis approach. I traced cisgender use by year and compared it by sample population (cisgender-only, mixed, not cisgender). Results. I identified 4 interlocking and mutually reinforcing patterns of cisgender use: limited and narrow use, undertheorized use, use as the default gender, and reinforcing binary categorization. These patterns largely result from the narrowing of cisgender to a demographic label. Conclusions. Cisgender is primarily used to categorize individual research participants as not transgender rather than to reflect participants' actual identity and experiences within gendered systems of power, which undermines cisgender's potential to support gender-inclusivity efforts and deepen understandings of gender-based health disparities. Public Health Implications. Two paths for creating more robust use of cisgender are (1) supporting gender inclusivity by clarifying and standardizing how and when the demographic category is used and (2) expanding the analytic potential of cisgender by returning to its historical origins as a framework for exposing and explaining patterns of power. (Am J Public Health. 2024;114(2):202-208. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2023.307441).