Sensient Technologies (United States)

Yield and yield attributes are important components in genotypic evaluation. The butterfly pea is a native plant of Indonesia, and it is considered an underutilized crop. The goals of this study were to evaluate genotypes using environment (year) interactions (GEIs) with yield and yield attributes, and evaluate butterfly pea genotypes based on stability measurements and sustainability index (SI). The study was conducted at the Ciparanje Experimental Field, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Padjadjaran using 35 butterfly pea genotypes in a randomized complete block design with two replications. The field trial was conducted over three years (2018–2020). The results showed that the yield and yield attributes were influenced by GEIs. Additive main effects and multiplicative interaction (AMMI) selected 11 stable genotypes (31.43%); genotype plus genotype by environment interaction (GGE) biplot, AMMI stability value (ASV), and genotype stability index (GSI), each selected six genotypes (17.14%) that were stable and high-yielding, and SI selected 18 genotypes (51.43%) that were stable and high-yielding. There were three genotypes identified by all measurements, namely G2, G14, and G16. These three genotypes can be selected as the superior genotypes of the butterfly pea for flower production, and can be used as material for crosses in plant-breeding prog.

Bi-directional reflectance from earth terrain surfaces, particularly vegetation has placed increasing emphasis on the measurement of angular reflectance. Many remote-sensing scientists today are focusing on measurements and/or modeling of the angular reflectance properties of earth surface materials. The angular studies emphasis is occurring for several reasons. Of the four primary aspects of land surface reflectance (i.e., spectral, spatial, temporal, angular), this is the least intensively studied and, therefore, the least understood. The angular reflectance properties of Earth targets and, in particular, the bi-directional reflectance of land surface cover types, must be studied to develop algorithms to provide more accurate estimates of spectral hemispherical reflectance and albedo, which is a crucial input to Global Climate Models. The maximum potential of current satellites (e.g., SPOT, AVHRR) that acquire off-nadir viewing data cannot be realized without a good understanding of the angular reflectance properties of the Earth's surfaces. Future EOS satellite instruments (e.g., MISR) have been included expressly to take advantage of, or, to help overcome, the Earth's surface and atmosphere angular reflectance dependencies. The PARABOLA II field scanning radiometer will aid in ground calibration.

ABSTRACTBatching is a routine part of food production, even in many manufacturing sequences which have continuous components. Determining the correct number of batches to be produced in the face of continuous demand for final product and multiple demands on the batches from many products is a computationally complex problem. an organizational and computational scheme for tracking the impact of the batching decision is presented. the structure provides means for determining resource use patterns and for costing those patterns for a given production plan. the data necessary to drive this system are the costs, the batch formulation and yields and the other resources required by the product. the scheme is suited for electronic computation and can be rendered in a straightforward way on a microcomputer. an example illustrating how the data are organized is provided.

The term systematic applies to the study of the classification of life forms and is in a general sense synonymous with taxonomy. For centuries, taxonomy referred to describing various forms of life and their component parts. Despite the usefulness of such a system, relationships between life forms were little understood. Following the rise of Darwinism, systematic biology began to develop and replace what was simply a nomenclatural science. Today many biologists have gone into the molecular field attempting to understand the minute biochemical changes at a molecular level that led to evolution. Their contributions toward a clarification of the mechanism of evolution were most useful.

THE BIOTECHNOLOGY OF MALTING AND BREWING. J.S. Hough. Cambridge University Press, 510 North Avenue, New Rochelle, NY 10801. 168 PP. 1985. $39.50. “Biotechnology in Food Processing”; Harlander, S.K. and Labuza, T.P. Noyes Publications, Mill Road, Park Ridge, NJ 07656, USA 323 PP, 1986, $48 (US) “Food Biotechnology”; 664 pages, (1987). Edited by Dietrich Knorr. Published by Marcel Oekker, Inc., New York, NY.