Shri Lakshmi Clinic & Scan Centre

Deep-sea ecosystems, harbouring extraordinary biodiversity and geological wonders, remain largely unexplored due to their remote and inhospitable nature. Recent technological advancements, particularly in the realm of machine learning (ML), offer promising avenues for unravelling the mysteries of the deep and safeguarding its fragile ecosystems. This abstract presents an overview of the manifold applications of ML in deep-sea ecosystem analysis, focusing on key areas such as species identification, habitat characterization, and event detection. Primarily, ML algorithms, including Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs), Support Vector Machines (SVMs), and Random Forests, are deployed for automated species identification, leveraging vast repositories of underwater imagery. By discerning intricate visual patterns, these algorithms facilitate rapid biodiversity assessment and aid in monitoring shifts in species distributions. Moreover, ML techniques, such as Decision Trees, K-Nearest Neighbour (KNN), and deep learning architectures, are instrumental in habitat classification endeavours. Through the analysis of multifaceted sensor data, these algorithms enable the delineation of distinct seafloor habitats, empowering conservationists with invaluable insights into ecosystem structure and function. Furthermore, ML-based anomaly detection algorithms, Hidden Markov Models (HMMs), and reinforcement learning (RL) strategies contribute to event detection efforts in the deep sea. By scrutinizing temporal data streams from underwater sensors, these algorithms detect aberrations indicative of natural phenomena or anthropogenic disturbances, thus facilitating timely interventions and mitigative actions. In conclusion, the integration of ML techniques into deep-sea ecosystem analysis represents a paradigm shift in our approach to understanding and preserving these enigmatic realms. By automating labor-intensive tasks, enhancing data processing capabilities, and fostering real-time monitoring, ML empowers scientists and conservationists to unlock the secrets of the deep and embark on a journey towards sustainable stewardship of these invaluable ecosystems.

The chapter examines the effects of digital technology addiction on physical and mental health across different generations. As smartphones and internet usage become increasingly prevalent, the rise in addiction has led to significant health concerns, including anxiety, depression, sleep disturbances, and physical ailments such as eye strain and musculoskeletal issues. This chapter explores how these health issues manifest differently across age groups, from children and adolescents to adults and the elderly. It also investigates the varying susceptibility to addiction based on age, the impact on cognitive development and social behavior, and the long-term consequences on overall well-being. Additionally, the chapter delves into potential interventions and preventive strategies that can mitigate the adverse effects of technology addiction, promoting healthier interactions with digital devices across generations. This study aims to offer insights for healthcare professionals, educators, and policymakers to address this growing issue.

Screening for major cardiac anomalies is now included as a protocol at 11-14 week scan. Visualisation of two inflow tracts in 4 chamber colour view and the two arches in 3 VT colour view has proven to increase the detection of major cardiac anomalies. A single inflow tract in 4 chamber colour view is the common finding seen in major cardiac malformations. The aim of the study is to identify an algorithmic approach in these cases which would help in arriving at the final diagnosis. 43 cases which showed a single inflow tract in 4 chamber colour view were assessed by transvaginal route using the following protocols. After confirming the situs, the first step was to evaluate the 4 chamber B mode. Interventricular septum and the two atrioventricular valves along with the crux of the heart was evaluated. Ventricular chamber discrepancy was then assessed. Further 3 VT colour was used to narrow down the differential diagnosis in cases with chamber discrepancy. Further in 3 cases, a diagnosis could not be arrived at first trimester and were excluded from the study. In cases with a CRL of less than 65mm at initial scan, a repeat scan after 2 weeks was done. Using this protocol 27% of cases were identified as AVSD by evaluating the AV valves and the crux in 4 chamber B mode. Complete absence of the IV septum was seen in 4% of cases in univentricular heart.44% showed a very small or an absent LV which were confirmed as HLHS by evaluating flow reversal in aortic arch in 3 VT view. 14% of cases with a small RV had flow reversal in ductal arch, thus arriving at the diagnosis of PA with IVS. Single inflow tract in 4 chamber colour is a pointer towards major cardiac anomalies and needs a detailed evaluation of the heart. The 4 chamber B mode plays a key role in evaluating such cases. Evaluating the IV septum and crux helps in differential diagnosis of AVSD and univentricular heart. Chamber discrepancy with flow reversal in 3 VT view is a hallmark of HLHS and pulmonary atresia.

Introduction: Water scarcity and water pollution are two major issues in India. Circular economy-based wastewater treatment technology provides the most sustainable solutions for solving these issues. In this paper, a novel multi-objective decentralized controller (MODC) is proposed for benchmarking a multi-input multi-output (MIMO) activated sludge wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) to achieve maximum effluent quality with minimum cost. WWTPs with conventional control schemes consume more energy to achieve the desired effluent quality.Methods: In this study, a MIMO model is developed for the activated sludge process (ASP) from a physics-based model, and relative gain array (RGA) analysis are carried out to determine the interaction between the loops to identify a suitable control scheme for the MIMO process. In addition, a multi-objective decentralized control problem is formulated to achieve the conflicting multiple objectives of improving effluent quality and minimizing operational costs by efficient usage of energy.Results and discussion: The desired quality and cost reduction are verified by comparing the integral square error (ISE) and control effort (CE) values of a closed-loop WWTP. A multi-objective evolutionary algorithm (MOEA), namely, the non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm (NSGA)-II, successfully solves the multi-objective control problem. NSGA-II provides several optimal solutions in the Pareto front. In order to demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed controller, three optimal solutions are selected from the Pareto-optimal front, and their closed-loop performances are evaluated qualitatively and quantitatively for both servo and regulatory operations. Improving the quality of effluent enhances active sludge production, which in turn increases the methane production in the anaerobic digester.

The volume of information on the internet is currently rising dramatically. Social media platforms/e-commerce market place is producing a lot of data, including reviews, comments, and opinions, every day. As there are a number of fake reviews should incorporate Spam detection to produce a genuine opinion. Fake reviews are growing problem in online shopping, and they have a significant impact on consumer’s decision-making. Many people today base their decisions when choosing a product or service on social media opinions. Because so many false or phoney evaluations have been written by businesses or individuals for a variety of reasons, detecting opinion spam is a difficult and time-consuming task. They produce fictitious reviews to deceive users or automated detection systems by elevating or degrading the reputations of their target products in order to elevate or lower them. In this article, we’ll regulate it by leveraging blockchain technology to make the review system more authentic by allowing only legitimate product purchasers to submit evaluations using their account credentials. We use the Ethereum blockchain to authenticate user credentials, and we only permit verified users to purchase things. Also, we only permit customers to leave reviews or comments on products, ensuring that the reviews are accurate.

To assess the feasibility of antenatal diagnosis of micrognathia in first trimester and to quantify its associations and to determine the perinatal outcome. The midsagittal view of face was retrospectively evaluated by assessing the positional relationship between maxilla and mandible. Cases with receding chin were further assessed for absent mandibular gap sign. The associated anomalies and postnatal outcome in 23 cases fulfilling this criteria were reviewed. Of the 23 cases with micrognathia, 13 were associated with other system anomalies. Associated anomalies were identified in first trimester itself in 84%. The most common associations were facial cleft (39%), skeletal abnormalities (26%) and cardiac abnormalities (9%). Of the primary mandibular abnormalities, the commonest (26%) was a Pierre Robin anomalad. Absent superimposed line sign (SLS) was seen in 8 cases raising the suspicion of associated cleft palate. The vertically positioned tongue was observed in 6 cases. About 17% had syndromic associations like SRPS, Meckel Gruber syndrome, Goldenhar Gorlin syndrome, FADS, etc. Of the cases which opted for karyotyping the common associations were trisomy 18 (4%) and 22q11 deletion (4%). 5 cases with micrognathia were followed up at the anomaly scan and continued to delivery at term. One had a normal postnatal outcome, two cases of PRS were confirmed postnatally and two had isolated micrognathia. The presence of receding chin in the midsagittal profile at the 11–14 weeks' scan should prompt one to suspect micrognathia. These fetuses needs detailed evaluation for the presence of other system malformations and chromosomal evaluation. A targeted search for the absence of the SLS would identify associated cleft palate and the presence of glossoptosis may further point towards diagnosis of PRS. Isolated micrognathia needs to be followed up in mid trimester to assess for evolving anomalies. In some, there can be regression of the findings in mid trimester with a favourable outcome.

When we are practicing, especially in rural India, we often face problems of instrument failure or lost instrument, etc... which may sometimes necessitate abandoning the procedure just because of the lack of a single instrument. We do mobile laparoscopic surgery, carrying all the laparoscopic instruments to far-off places, as far as 60–80 km. On one such occasion, my staff had lost a 5-mm trocar, which had gone unnoticed until I posted a case for laparoscopic cholecystectomy. There was not much time to buy a new one and also it was difficult to procure from the dealer because of the COVID-19 situation. Just because of the lack of one instrument we were facing a situation of postponing laparoscopy!