Sibur (Russia)

In the process of coproduction of propylene oxide and styrene (PO/SM), a stream containing isomeric phenylethanols is fed to the dehydration stage. In this work, the contribution of acid sites of different nature and strength to the activity of aluminum oxide-based catalysts in the dehydration reaction of 1- and 2-phenylethanols occurring in the presence of excess water in the temperature range of 230-300°C is compared. It was found that over the entire studied temperature range: the rate of intramolecular dehydration of the primary alcohol is significantly lower than the rate of dehydration of the secondary alcohol; the dehydrating activity of the catalysts with respect to both alcohols is determined primarily by acid sites of the LAS I and LAS II types; the temperature of manifestation of the dehydrating activity of LAS III type sites with respect to the primary alcohol is ~50°C higher compared to the secondary alcohol. The type of kinetic equation for the target reaction is substantiated, the values ​​of the observed rate constants are calculated. It was found that for both alcohols the change in the pre-exponential factor is directly proportional to the change in the Arrhenius activation energy, while the observed activation energy of the dehydration reaction of the primary alcohol significantly exceeds the activation energy of the dehydration of the secondary alcohol.

Polymer composite materials based on ethylene–vinyl-acetate copolymer modified with various petroleum polymer resins applied to steel substrates were investigated. In the process of measuring the surface-energy characteristics by wetting with test liquids and calculating them using the Owens–Wendt and Van Oss–Chaudhury–Good equations, it was found that modification with resins increases the acidic (according to Lewis) properties of compositions—the free surface energy’s acid–base component and the acid parameter. The cathodic disbondment method was used to estimate the adhesive strength of modified coatings on steel, which agrees with the defect diameter in the coating after an 8-h experiment. Experimental results obtained in this work are confirmed by theoretical calculations, as a result of which the dependences were found between the defect diameter after cathodic disbondment and such surface-energy characteristics as the acid–base component of the free surface energy of polymer composites, the reduced acidity parameter, and the thermodynamic work of adhesion. Dependences obtained have a decreasing exponential nature. Based on the conducted research, a conclusion was made about the correspondence of the adhesive strength of modified polymer coatings on steel assessed under cathodic polarization conditions, as well as the thermodynamic characteristics of the materials being joined.

The influence of new fillers of natural origin on the deformation–strength and adhesive characteristics of ethylene–vinyl acetate copolymers and high-pressure polyethylene has been studied. It has been established that a carbon-mineral filler can be used as an adhesive-active filler of polyolefins. The efficiency of the carbon-mineral filler is somewhat higher than that of talc.

The article proposes an approach to ranking innovations on the efficiency scale based on the assessment of their consolidated environmental effect. The role of the chemical industry in the country's economy and the position of the Russian Federation in the world export of chemical products are analyzed. The importance of considering the consolidated effect of environmental factors in the implementation of innovations is substantiated. Methods of assessing the environmental effect of innovations are considered. The concept of an information system for assessing the aggregate environmental effect, which provides the possibility of assessment at all stages of the innovation process, is proposed.

The article examines the possibilities of the prospect of meeting the increasing demand for biofertilizers. It is determined that the trend of transition to a healthy lifestyle can cause an increase in demand for organic fertilizers and organic farming in general. The authors have suggested that sewage sludge may be a source of production of organic biofertilizers. As part of the confirmation of the hypothesis put forward, the authors carried out a chemical analysis of sewage sludge, the task of which was to identify the possibility of its processing and obtaining organic fertilizers. As part of the analysis, the nature of the effect of the fertilizers obtained on agricultural crops was revealed, which, first of all, allowed us to confirm the hypothesis put forward, and secondly, to calculate the financial parameters of the project for the production of organic fertilizers from sewage sludge to justify the economic feasibility of its implementation. The basis of the economic justification was the determination of the amount of costs necessary for the implementation of each stage of the project (the preparatory stage, including the formation of sets of documentation characterizing both the design parameters of the installation and the results of a comprehensive preliminary assessment of biofertilizer; the main production stage, including the approbation of the pilot drying instance and the formation of a set of documentation for the launch of a pilot production line) with production volumes 2.5 tons / day and a sales period of 24 months. As a result, it was concluded that the developed composition of the fertilizer complies with SanPiN 1.2.3685-21 "Hygienic standards and requirements for ensuring the safety and (or) harmlessness of environmental factors for humans." The production of biofertilizer from sewage sludge can be quite successful, which was confirmed by the calculation of the economic indicators of the project (weighted average cost of capital, internal rate of return, discounted payback period, capital expenditures of the company.

The new art-design look of frame-panel cab system for serial and prospective «Kharkov tractor plant» production is designed.