Social Security Children's Hospital

Lung disorders rank among the leading causes of mortality worldwide, presenting a critical challenge in healthcare. The underlying limited regenerative capacity of the lung makes this an unmet clinical need, often necessitating lung transplantation for patients with severe lung disease. However, the lack of viable donor organs underscores the urgent need for alternative therapeutic strategies. Addressing this challenge requires a comprehensive understanding of the structure of lung tissue and the complexities inherent in its regeneration. In this review, we explore recent breakthroughs in lung regenerative medicine, highlighting innovative approaches aimed at tackling lung and tracheal diseases. From stem cell and cell-based therapies to the utilization of biological and synthetic materials, as well as the strategic deployment of growth factors, a diverse array of strategies is being explored to rejuvenate lung function. By critical analysis of in vitro, preclinical, and clinical studies, this review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the emerging technology of lung regeneration research, shedding light on promising avenues for future therapeutic interventions.

The nature of an employment contract carries the risk that an employee’s personal rights, including their private life, may become open to the employer’s intervention. As the employee’s private life is an area which is open to employer intervention, the need to draw the boundaries of employer intervention in the context of balancing the interests of the employee and the employer, as well as the need to protect the privacy of the employee’s private life within the boundaries of the workplace, keeps this issue on the agenda of Turkish labour law doctrine and the judiciary today. To demonstrate the current developments in Turkish labour law - which will reveal the current approach towards the fundamental rights of employees, especially romantic relationships in the workplace- in this article, after briefly explaining the principles of the individual application system to the Constitutional Court in Turkish law and the concept of the right to respect for private life, the topic is discussed in light of the individual application jurisprudence of the Turkish Constitutional Court and the judgments of the Court of Cassation and Courts of Appeal.

In the case of oscillatory potential, we present some new Lyapunov-type inequalities for linear hyperbolic and elliptic equations on a rectangular domain in ${\mathbb R}^2$. No sign restriction is imposed on the potential function. As applications of the Lyapunov-type inequalities obtained, we give some estimations for disconjugacy of hyperbolic and elliptic Dirichlet boundary value problems.

Aim: To find out the serum adiponectin levels in patients of type 2 diabetes and non diabetics. Methods: A cross-sectional, comparative study included 88 subjects. Out of 88 cases, 68 were diagnosed cases of T2DM. In 68 diagnosed cases, 34 were newly diagnosed cases of T2DM without any treatment and 34 were on oral hypoglycemic medicine. 20 subjects were controls which were age and sex matched. Serum adiponectin levels were estimated by using ELISA procedure. Total cases were divided into Group A: 34 newly diagnosed patients of T2DM without any treatment. Group B: 34 patients of T2DM on oral hypoglycemic medicine and Group C: 20 subjects of normal controls. Results: In our study, mean  SD values of adiponectin levels in non-diabetics in Group C were 1560 1044.6 ng/ml. In group A, mean  SD values of adiponectin levels were 1153±792.6ng/ml and in group B, mean  SD values of adiponectin levels were 1601±1210.5ng/ml. The adiponectin levels were lower in diabetics without medication (A) as compared to the control group (C). The difference was statistically significant between groups A vs B and A vs C while the difference was statistically non significant between groups B vs C. Conclusion: The adiponectin levels were lower in diabetics without medication (group A) as compared to the diabetics with drugs (group B) and control group (C). The difference was statistically significant between groups A vs B and A vs C while the difference was statistically insignificant between groups B vs C. Keywords: Adiponectin level, Lipids, Type-2 diabetes mellitus

Aim: To compare and correlate the serum insulin and lipoprotein levels in diabetics and non-diabetics. Methods: A cross-sectional study with total of 88 subjects. These were divided into three groups i.e. A, B, C. Group A constitutes 34 cases of newly diagnosed T2DM and group B includes 34 cases on oral hypoglycemic treatment. Group C includes 20 subjects as controls which were age and sex matched. Blood glucose level, HDL-c and LDL-c were done in the lab. By usual methods and insulin level was done by ELISA methods. Results: In diabetic groups i.e. A and B, mean insulin levels were significantly lower and glucose and LDL-c levels were significantly higher than control group i.e. group C. HDL-c level was similar in diabetic groups (A and B) and control group (group C). There was found no correlation between insulin and lipoproteins in this study. Conclusions: Insulin level was higher in control group as compared to study subjects and this difference was not statistically significant. LDL-c level was higher in diabetic group i.e. A and B as compared to control group (C) and this difference was statistically significant. Association between insulin and lipoproteins is non significant statistically. Keywords: Insulin, Lipoprotein, Type-2 diabetes

Background: Cervicogenic headache is a secondary headache, which means that it is caused by another illness or physical issue. In case of cervicogenic headache, the cause is a disorder of cervical spine and its soft tissue elements disc. Aim: To determine the cervicogenic headache and the neck ability to perform activities of daily livings associated to mobile phone usage. Methodology: This descriptive study was done among 355 participants from different institutes i.e. colleges and universities. This study was executed to find the cervicogenic headache and its impact on neck ability in ADLs. All ethical issues were computed and an informed consent was taken from the administration of concerned institutes and from individuals who were willing to participate. Results: Among 355 participants who feel neck pain were 266(74.93%) and participants do not feel neck pain were 89(25.07%). 87(24.51%) spend 1-2 hour ,87(24.51%) spend 2-3 hour time daily on mobile phone, 91(25.63%) spend 3-4 hour time daily on mobile phone, 88(24.79%) spend more than 5 hour time daily on mobile phone. Pain Intensity according to Visual Analogue Scale was mild among 51(14.37%), Moderate among 265(74.65%) and Severe among 39(10.99%). Conclusion: Frequency of cervicogenic headache was high due to mobile phone use in young adults. Cervicogenic headache is associated with poor neck posture, poor neck alignment, limited range of motion of cervical spine. There was significant association between time spend daily on mobile phone and cervicogenic headache. Keywords: Cervicogenic Headache, Mobile, Headache,

Objective: To compare the outcome of expectant management versus immediate delivery in females with preterm premature rupture of membrane close to term. Study Design: Randomized controlled trial Place and Duration of Study: Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology Unit III, Fatima Memorial Hospital Lahore from 20th June 2018 to 20th December 2018 Methodology: Three hundred females were included through emergency. They were divided in two groups; females of group A managed conservatively and females of group B were induced for delivery and immediate delivery was conducted. After delivery in both groups, outcome was recorded i.e. neonatal distress, poor Apgar score or NICU admission. Results: The mean age of group A was 27.53±4.99 years and group B was 25.81±4.92 years. The mean gestational age of group A was 33.92±1.41 weeks and group B was 33.88±1.40 weeks. In group A there were 28 (18.7%) women with parity 1, 40(26.7%) with parity 2, 42 (28%) with parity 3 and 40 (26.7%) with parity 4 whereas in group B there were 28(18.7%) women with parity 1, 40 (26.7%) with parity 2, 42 (28%) with parity 3 and 40 (26.7%) with parity 4. In group A there were 54 (36%) women with normal BMI, 44 (29.9%) were overweight and 52 (34.7%) were obese while in group B there were 63 (42%) women with normal BMI, 38 (25.3%) were overweight and 49 (32.7%) were obese. There was no significant (P=0.329) association between neonatal distress and study groups and also no significant (P=0.202) association between poor APGAR score and study groups. Conclusion: Incidence and rate of neonatal distress in complicated pregnancies by PPROM within 34 and 37 weeks of gestation is very low Keywords: Delivery, Preterm, Premature, Rupture of membrane, Term, Outcome, Expectant, Management

Background: Frequency of dyslipidemia is on continuous rise in the developing countries including Pakistan. Many studies have shown that a raised LDL-cholesterol level, non-HDL cholesterol levels and decreased HDL-cholesterol levels are related with anraised risk of cardiovascular diseases and also certain muscle related symptoms. Aim: To find the frequency of statin-induced myopathy in dyslipidemic patients presenting in a tertiary care hospital. Methods It was a cross sectional study conducted among dyslipidemic patients presented at department of medicine and endocrinology, Unit-I Fatima Memorial hospital, Lahore. Non-probability consecutive sampling technique was used to select 230 dyslipidemic patients who met the inclusion criteria. Information was recorded on predesigned questionnaire regarding statin induced myopathy and socio-demographic variables. Results: In this study, the mean age statin induced myopathy respondents was 49.9±8.6 years while it was 49.9±9.4 years among not having statin induced myopathy.Statin induced myopathy was seen in 55 (23.9%) respondents while in 175 (76.1%) there was no statin induced myopathy. Gender among peripheral neuropathy showed that males were 42 and females were 13 in number; and among non-statin induced myopathy group there were 121 males and 54 females. Most of the middle income respondents were suffering from statin induced myopathy as compared to other income groups. Conclusion: This study reports an increased prevalence of statin induced myopathy among dyslipidemic patients. Male respondents were more in number than females but both had shown insignificant relationship with statin induced myopathy. The age>45 years of the respondents showed significant statistical difference with gender. Keywords: Statin Induced Myopathy, Dyslipidemia, Lahore

Exposure to formaldehyde (FA) causes detrimental effects on respiratory system. Inflammation is one of the mechanisms responsible for these effects. Our aim is to demonstrate the possible effect of formaldehyde on inflammation biomarkers and pulmonary function tests. One hundred ninety-eight male workers in a fiber production factory are included. Eighty two of them were not exposed to FA. Thirty nine workers were exposed to FA for 4 h or more in a work shift and 77 workers were exposed less than 4 h. Statistically significant differences were found for FA, TNF-α, and IL-6 levels and pulmonary function test parameters (FEV1 and FVC) between no exposure and exposure groups. The results revealed a correlation between decrement in pulmonary function tests and an increase in cytokine levels concordant with the duration of FA exposure. The results may emphasize that FA exposure shows its effect on pulmonary system via inflammatory pathways.

The aim of this study was to show the superiority of the minimally invasive techniques over standard techniques and any intraoperative change in incision length. Materials and Methods: There were 31 patients (8 males, 23 females) operated with the minimally invasive technique, who were defined as group 1 and 42 patients (11 males, 31 females) operated with a standard technique, who were defined as group 2. The hip function was evaluated with Harris Hip Score (HHS), the pain was evaluated with Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) and general physical and mental status with Short Form (SF) -36. Results: The mean follow-up period was 21.8 months (15-31 months) in group 1 and 58.5 months (42-75 months) in group 2. The duration of the surgery and the duration of hospitalization were longer in group 2 (p<0.05). Intraoperative blood loss was higher in group 2 (p<0.05). At the postoperative 3 rd month, the SF -36, VAS and HHS scores in group 1 were significantly better (p<0.05).