Solikamsk State Pedagogical Institute

The high judicial burden on the arbitration courts of the Russian Federation has a negative impact on the activities of the courts, the effectiveness and timeliness of the consideration of a legal dispute. The institution of conciliation procedures is an effective means of reducing the judicial burden, however, the statistical indicators considered indicate the inefficiency of the existing mechanism. The purpose of the work is to form a possible model of mandatory conciliation procedures in the arbitration process in order to reduce the judicial burden. The statistical method, the comparative legal method, and the method of dialectical construction were used in the work. The possibility of using conciliation procedures as a mandatory pre-trial stage in arbitration proceedings in order to reduce the judicial burden is analyzed. The foreign experience of using this mechanism is considered. The main possible risks for participants in a legal dispute are described. The advantages of conciliation procedures are analyzed. The categories of disputes for which mandatory conciliation procedures should be provided are proposed. The possibility of using artificial intelligence in order to reconcile the parties has been studied. Conciliation procedures in the arbitration process can not only reduce the judicial burden, but also save the material resources of the parties. Mandatory conciliation procedures can become an effective mechanism for reducing the judicial burden. However, the basic principle of conciliation procedures – voluntariness – will inevitably be affected. Disputes arising from the contract act as categories of cases for which a mandatory pre-trial procedure should be established for applying to reconciliation procedures before going to court. The parties should not be limited in the choice of conciliation procedures. The issue of financing conciliation procedures depends on the specific type of procedure that the parties have decided to resort to. It is also worth considering the use of artificial intelligence in order to reconcile the parties, resolve differences that have arisen, and draft an agreement.

Subject. The incentive function of taxation in agriculture. Objectives. To identify and summarize existing approaches to defining the boundaries of the incentive function of taxation for the purpose of ensuring the sustainable development of agricultural enterprises. Methods. General scientific methods were used, as well as statistical methods of data processing. Results. The main scientific and methodological approaches to defining the boundaries of the incentive function of taxation for the purposes of ensuring the sustainable development of agricultural enterprises are outlined. A multidirectional change in the indicators of the tax burden of the industry with the dynamics of its development over the past decade has been revealed. Attention is drawn to the need to take measures aimed at developing the incentive function of taxation in order to ensure environmental policy and the introduction of research and development in the context of the progressive development of the agricultural sector. Conclusions. The results obtained in the course of the study make it possible to develop more effective tax and financial instruments to support the agricultural sector on a legislative basis.

The numerical simulation results for optical trapping of silicon nanoparticles using lensed single-mode fibers at a wavelength of 1550 nm are presented. A single lensed fiber is shown to provide stable trapping of particles with a radius of up to 100 nm, whereas for larger particle sizes trapping becomes unstable due to increasing scattering force. An optical tweezers design based on two opposing lensed fibers is proposed, which makes it possible to expand significantly the size range of trapped particles. The sensitivity of the trapping force to fiber misalignment is analyzed. The obtained results can be used in the design of compact fiber optical tweezers for manipulating dielectric nanostructures and micro-objects in microfluidic systems.

The chapter "Getting ready to live in the information age" from the "Perm" propaedeutic course in informatics is presented in the article. It is devoted to the development of learning skills by third-grade schoolchildren. Three challenges that the information age throws down to people are formulated: there is a lot of information, it has become very complex, and it changes very quickly. This means that a person will have to learn to work with large volumes of complex, rapidly changing information. A computer is one of a person's assistants in this. However, a person's main tool for working with information is his or her intellect. It is this intellect that should be developed first and foremost. A number of "intellectual gymnastics" exercises are offered for this purpose. They are divided into three categories: the ability to fantasize, the ability to memorize, and the ability to concentrate. (These three categories were identified purely by experts.) The "fantasy binomial" by J. Rodary is offered as a fantasizing technique. For memorization, it is suggested to master the creation of "memorization aids" ("mnemonics"), memorization by reference points, and "looking ahead" in a textbook. To develop attention, we offer the following: going through labyrinths, the exercise "Arrow" (following the second hand) and the game "What has changed?". Most of these exercises are easy to do in moments of "forced idleness" (for example, while waiting for something). They can serve as entertainment at leisure events, in group games. The material has been tested in the junior classes of Lyceum No. 10 in Perm for a number of years.

This work describes the synthesis of bis(β-hydroxy-/chloroethyl)amino-5-nitrophthalonitriles. Optimal experimental conditions were selected. The structure was confirmed by IR, UV-Vis, 1H, 13C, and 2D HSQC, HMBC NMR spectroscopy, mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF), X-ray diffraction analysis, and verified by quantum chemical calculations using the density functional theory (DFT) method with the B3LYP hybrid functional and the 6-31G(d,p) basis set.

Relevance. Microbicidal proteins are used to create natural antimicrobial drugs. It has been shown to date that ultrasound exposure of leukocytes results in complete cell destruction and the formation of new compounds — peptide complexes with immunobiological activity . The aim of the study was to update the parameters of ultrasound effect on the donor leukocytes to isolate individual polypeptides with biological activity. Materials and methods . New leukocyte protein-peptide complexes were obtained by ultrasonic treatment of donor leukocytes. Separation of peptide complexes was carried out on Superdex 200 increase chromatographic columns. HPLC and infrared spectroscopy methods were used to study them. The HPLC method was implemented on a Knauer chromatograph (Germany) using a spectrophotometric detector of analytical wavelengths of 280 nm and 293 nm. Results. It has been established that various ultrasound wave amplitudes and durations of their action contribute to the production of complex protein compounds. Under certain conditions (processing donor leukocytes with ultrasound for 90 sec., with an amplitude of 60%, a power of 50 W, and a frequency of 30 kHz), it is possible to obtain a complex of low-molecular peptides with a molecular weight of less than 6.5 kDa. Using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, it was determined that the composition of the obtained peptide complex includes amino acids such as Thr, Ser, Phe, Tyr, His, and Trp. It has been established that this complex has antibacterial activity. Conclusion. Ultrasound treatment of donor leukocytes produces a protein complex with antibacterial activity.

The reaction of Reformatsky reagents, obtained from methyl-1-bromocyclopropane-, 1bromocyclobutane-, and 1-bromocyclopentanecarboxylates and zinc, with diimines, derived from terephthalaldehyde, was studied. As a result, a series of novel bis(spiroazetidin-2-ones) was synthesized. It was found that compounds with а cyclopropane fragment are formed in lower yields than cyclobutane and cyclopentane analogues, and ortho-substituents in the aryl moiety at the nitrogen atoms of the substrate hinder cyclization in this case. The structures of the obtained compounds were confirmed by IR, 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy, elemental analysis, and X-ray diffraction analysis.

The original version of this Article contains errors in Table 1, where the values of the surface anisotropy constant Ks (J/m 2 ) are incorrectly stated as 10 5 J/m 2 for the Samples S1, S2 and S3, respectively.The correct and incorrect values appear below.

The article analyses the intelligentsia discourse on the Soviet family in "The Literaturnaya Gazeta" in the late 1960s and early 1970s. The focus is on the key issues discussed, such as the role of men and women in society, changes in family values, problems of child rearing, the topic of divorce and the declining birth rate. The study is based on articles, readers' letters and editorial comments that were published in "The Literaturnaya Gazeta" between 1967 and the early 1970s. It concludes that experts from different fields participated in the formation of the intelligentsia's discourse on the Soviet family in "The Literaturnaya Gazeta". The authors focused on the problems of the Soviet family and proposed measures that would help the family to survive the "difficult times". In addition, the discourse raises the issue of the need to involve schools in the formation of ideas about family life among young people in order to increase the number of successful and longterm marriages. The intelligentsia discourse of the late 1960s and early 1970s presented educational measures that began to be implemented in the late 1980s, which will be discussed by the author in other articles. The results will find application in the study of perceptions of the late Soviet family, the formation of the image of the late Soviet family, and will be of interest to a wide range of specialists: educators, sociologists, demographers, historians and lawyers. Статья посвящена анализу интеллигентского дискурса о советской семье на страницах «Литературной газеты» в конце 1960-х – начале 1970-х гг. В центре внимания находятся ключевые вопросы, обсуждавшиеся в рамках данной темы, такие как роль мужчины и женщины в обществе, изменение семейных ценностей, проблемы воспитания детей, тема разводов и сокращение рождаемости. Исследование основывается на статьях, письмах читателей и комментариях редакции, которые были опубликованы в «Литературной газете» за период с 1967 по начало 1970-х гг. В рамках исследования делается вывод о том, что в формировании интеллигентского дискурса о советской семье на страницах «Литературной газеты» участвовали эксперты из разных областей. В фокусе внимания авторов находились проблемы советской семьи, и предлагались меры, которые помогли бы семье пережить «трудные времена». Кроме того, в рамках дискурса поднимается вопрос о необходимости привлечения школы к формированию представлений о семейной жизни среди молодежи, для увеличения количества успешных и долгосрочных браков. Интеллигентский дискурс конца 1960-х – начала 1970-х гг. представил меры по просвещению, которые начали реализовываться в конце 1980-х гг., что будет рассмотрено автором в других статьях. Результаты найдут применение для изучения представлений о позднесоветской семье, формировании образа позднесоветской семьи, и будут интересны широкому кругу специалистов: педагогам, социологам, демографам, историкам и юристам.