Solvay (China)

Black soldier fly larvae, as a biological converter of organic waste, can efficiently and safely degrade kitchen waste, convert it into their own nutrients, and realize the resource utilization of kitchen waste. Since the content of crude oil in black soldier fly larvae accounts for more than 35% of the dry weight of insects, the oil of larvae in the fifth instar and prepupal stage is used as the test raw material, with reference to the national standard GB5009.168-2016 fatty acids were extracted and methylated with methanol solution, Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry was used. The results showed that the main chemical components of the esterification products of the fifth instar insect oil were oleic acid, palmitic acid and lauric acid, and the three fatty acids accounted for 66.27%, 17.23% and 11.39% of the total respectively. The main chemical components were methyl laurate, methyl oleate, methyl linoleate and methyl palmitate. The four fatty acids accounted for 46.62%, 17.88%, 17.42% and 13.23% respectively.

Achieving carbon neutrality in the chemical industry necessitates a green and efficient transformation. Working together, industry and academia hold the key to developing clean chemical processes, which is crucial.

Placement of phosphorus in the polymer main chain leads to organophosphorus polymers with potentially unique chemical and physical properties. Herein, it is demonstrated that the Abramov phosphonylation reaction can be extended to the synthesis of such polymers, by reacting di- or tricarbaldehydes with phosphinic acid (PA) in the presence of N,O-bis(trimethylsilyl)acetamide (BSA). This technique affords polymers with main chain PC bonds, wherein phosphorus (V), aromatic rings, and hydroxymethylene moieties are linked by bis(α-hydroxymethylene)phosphinic acid (BHMPA) units. The resulting polymers are water soluble, display resilience against acid- and base-catalyzed hydrolysis, and exhibit superior thermal stability with high char yield in air (≈83%) and nitrogen (≈76%) atmosphere.

Abstract A polydimethylsiloxane‐based microfluidic device allows monitoring local oxidation events in organic solvents at the level of an individual air bubble armored with surface‐active low‐surface energy catalytic particles. This new technique permits tunable design of microreactors for gas‐liquid‐solid reactions.

Foams Stabilized by AquivionTM PFSA In article number 2200380, Andong Feng, Marc Pera-Titus, and co-workers demonstrate that AquivionTM perfluorosulfonic acid (PFSA) resin can generate particle-stabilized (Pickering) foams based on water (blue) and organic protic solvents (yellow). The foams are efficient platforms for engineering gas-liquid-solid catalytic reactions with enhanced triphasic contact.

ABSTRACT Fine-tuned interaction between reacting molecules and metal surface is of great importance in heterogeneous catalysis for the design of highly selective processes. Conventional strategies based on adjusting the intrinsic catalyst properties such as particle size, metal-support interaction and morphology suffer from complicated and time-consuming synthetic procedures. Recently, the modification of metal nanoparticles with non-metallic promoters has been demonstrated as an effective tool to regulate the interfacial environment of metallic catalysis. Herein, we will give an overview of recent progress in this area. A general analysis will be proposed about the electronic, steric effects and new functionalities imposed by non-metallic promoters of metal catalysts. The potential for the selectivity enhancement of the promoted metal catalysts in various industrially important reactions is discussed.

A novel amphiphilic polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) with surfactant-like behavior was synthesized. By combining this new POSS, used as a frother, with surface-active catalytic organosilica particles, used as a stabilizer, we designed a dual particle system able to generate foams in pure organic solvents. Tunable foamability and foam stability were achieved in a variety of organic solvents by simply adjusting the POSS concentration. As a result, the catalytic activity was drastically boosted in the aerobic oxidation of pure aromatic alcohols under 1 bar O2 pressure. Particles were conveniently recycled with high foamability and the catalytic efficiency was maintained for at least 7 consecutive runs.

Abstract Pickering emulsions, foams, bubbles, and marbles are dispersions of two immiscible liquids or of a liquid and a gas stabilized by surface‐active colloidal particles. These systems can be used for engineering liquid–liquid–solid and gas–liquid–solid microreactors for multiphase reactions. They constitute original platforms for reengineering multiphase reactors towards a higher degree of sustainability. This Review provides a systematic overview on the recent progress of liquid–liquid and gas–liquid dispersions stabilized by solid particles as microreactors for engineering eco‐efficient reactions, with emphasis on biobased reagents. Physicochemical driving parameters, challenges, and strategies to (de)stabilize dispersions for product recovery/catalyst recycling are discussed. Advanced concepts such as cascade and continuous flow reactions, compartmentalization of incompatible reagents, and multiscale computational methods for accelerating particle discovery are also addressed.

Thermal runaway of chemical reactions often lead to secondary decomposition of the material, especially with autocatalytic decomposition characteristics. Autocatalytic decompositions are often characterized by drastic decomposition, intense heat release, high thermal risk and difficultly in control. Quantitative classification of different autocatalytic strengths is significant for the formulation of risk control measures and recognition of the most dangerous scenarios in relief system. In this work, the factor, which is the ratio of the heat released by the initial stage to that of the total reaction, has been defined to effectively and quantitatively assess the strength of autocatalytic decomposition based on the Perez-Benito model that includes two-stage competitive reactions. According to “3σ principle” of the normal distribution, the factor was classified into five grades: 0–5%, 5–18%, 18–82% 82–95%, 95–100% corresponding to the autocatalytic strength: strong, less strong, moderate, less weak and weak, respectively. This method is validated using cumyl hydro-peroxide and dicumyl peroxide, the autocatalytic strength of which are well known to be less strong (7.92%) and weak (100%), respectively. The results are consistent with the profile width, heat-quench-reheat test and the isothermal tests. This method was used to classify the autocatalytic strength of dimethyl sulfoxide, 29.5 mass% nitro-guanidine aqueous solution, and Benz aldoxime. The results show that the autocatalytic strengths of these three materials are strong (0.01%), moderate (31.52%) and less weak (82.67%), respectively. Through the classification assessment, it helps to get a more intuitive understanding of the degree of substance danger from the perspective of kinetics and thermodynamics.