Solvay (Netherlands)

Abstract Monitoring residential scale photovoltaic (PV) systems is important for maximizing the energy yield and detecting malfunctions. Analytical‐based approaches are not reliable in these systems because of the lack of on‐site measurements and detailed PV system specifications. In this paper, a collaborative approach is proposed which does not depend on weather data but on similar PV systems. Based on the so‐called performance‐to‐peer approach, the aim of this work is to improve this baseline model by adding PV systems characteristics and by optimizing with machine learning techniques. The methodology has been tested in a fleet of more than 12,000 PV systems located in the Netherlands with up to 7 years of data per system. The proposed model achieves an average of 94.1% and a NRMSE of 0.05, outperforming in terms of the baseline model by 1.4 points, and the analytical approach by 3.8. The data requirements of this model are not high: With 1,700 years of PV system data with daily resolution, the maximum performance can be achieved as long as a minimum of 6 months of data per system and 100 PV systems are considered. The application of this model for fault detection and categorization has also been shown. The proposed approach has shown its strengths with respect to other methods through its ability of distinguishing between system mismatch and actual fault and of adapting to new situations via retraining.

For the optimization of solar‐to‐electricity conversion efficiency of luminescent solar concentrators (LSCs), luminophores are treated as isotropic emitters. As rod‐shaped nanocrystals are being developed, their anisotropic emission properties may be beneficial for LSC efficiency, as it is expected that escape cone losses can be reduced by proper alignment of nanorods (NRs). Herein, theoretical considerations and Monte Carlo ray‐tracing simulations are used to examine the effect of anisotropic emission of luminophores on LSC performance, using nonspherical nanoparticles. Three different nanoparticles are examined with different Stokes shift and with two different quantum yield (QY) values (QY = 1 and QY = 0.7). In the case of a rod‐shaped emitter with emission intensity distribution aligned perpendicular to the lightguide plane, escape cone losses can potentially be reduced to ≈9%, compared to 25.5% for isotropic emission. For more realistic anisotropic emitters, escape cone losses reduce to ≈19%. Nonetheless, it is found that the useful emission of isotropic quantum dots with low reabsorption is much larger than that of aligning anisotropic emitting NRs with high reabsorption. Hence, focus on reducing reabsorption loss yields larger improvements in LSC device efficiency than focus on aligned NRs.

The anti-parkinsonian and levodopa-sparing potential of the nociceptin/orphanin FQ receptor (NOP) antagonist J-113397 has been demonstrated in rodent models of Parkinson's disease. Here, we describe the levodopa-sparing potential of J-113397 in MPTP-lesioned marmosets. Coadministration of J-113397 (30 mg/kg) with a sub-therapeutic dose of levodopa (12.5 mg/kg) produced an anti-parkinsonian action equivalent to that of a therapeutic dose of levodopa. However, these effects were accompanied by an equivalent level of dyskinesia. The actions of NOP antagonists seen in rodents translate to nonhuman primates. However, the present study raises the possibility that these levodopa-sparing benefits may be offset by a propensity to exacerbate dyskinesia.

Serotonin (5-HT) is thought to play an important role in the regulation of behavioral inhibition. Studies manipulating 5-HT function in the rodent brain indicate that 5-HT receptors regulate distinct forms of impulsive behavior, including impulsive responding in the 5-choice serial reaction time task (5CSRTT). The present study investigates the loci of effects mediated by 5-HT(2A) and 5-HT(2C) receptors in attention and inhibitory response control using microinfusions targeted at the nucleus accumbens (NAc), prelimbic cortex (PL) and infralimbic cortex (IL). Rats were implanted with bilateral guide cannulas and received infusions of the selective 5-HT(2A) receptor antagonist M100907 (0.1 and 0.3 microg) or selective 5-HT(2C) receptor antagonist SB242084 (0.1 and 0.5 microg) immediately prior to testing. The results show that intra-NAc infusions of M100907 significantly decrease impulsive responding on the 5CSRTT and at the highest dose increased omissions as well. By contrast, infusions of SB242084 into the NAc selectively and dose-dependently increased impulsivity. Neither M100907 nor SB242084 significantly altered impulsive responding following either intra-PL or intra-IL administration. However, SB242084 significantly decreased omissions following intra-PL administration (0.5 microg only). These data reveal opposing effects on impulsivity following 5-HT(2A) and 5-HT(2C) blockade in the NAc. Our results suggest that the NAc, but not the PL or IL, is implicated in the mediation of the effects of M100907 and SB242084 on inhibitory response control during baseline 5CSRTT performance.

This study examined the effect of the acute and chronic systemic administration of (+/-)-8-Hydroxy-2-(Di-n-propylamino)Tetralin(8-OH-DPAT) on the number and firing pattern of spontaneously active dopamine (DA) neurons in the ventral tegmental area (VTA or A10) and substantia nigra pars compacta (SNC or A9) in anesthetized male rats. These parameters were measured using extracellular in vivo electrophysiology. A single s.c. injection of 0.01, 0.1, or 1 mg/kg of 8-OH-DPAT did not significantly alter the number of spontaneously active SNC DA neurons compared to vehicle-treated animals (controls). The acute administration of 0.01 or 0.1 mg/kg of 8-OH-DPAT did not significantly alter, whereas the 1 mg/kg dose significantly decreased the number of spontaneously active VTA DA neurons compared to controls. The acute administration of 8-OH-DPAT significantly increased the percentage of VTA DA neurons firing in a bursting pattern. In contrast, there was a significant decrease in the percentage of SNC DA neurons firing in a bursting pattern following the acute administration of 8-OH-DPAT. The number of spontaneously active SNC DA neurons was not significantly altered by the chronic s.c. administration of 8-OH-DPAT (0.01, 0.1, or 1 mg/kg s.c.) as compared to controls. However, the chronic s.c. administration of all doses of 8-OH-DPAT significantly decreased the number of spontaneously active VTA DA neurons compared to controls. The i.v. administration of (+)-apomorphine (50 microg/kg) did not reverse the 8-OH-DPAT-induced decrease in the number of spontaneously active VTA DA neurons, suggesting that this effect is unlikely due to depolarization blockade. The percentage of VTA DA neurons exhibiting burst firing was significantly increased by 0.01 and 0.1 mg/kg, but significantly decreased by 1 mg/kg of 8-OH-DPAT. Overall, the systemic administration of 8-OH-DPAT preferentially affects the activity of spontaneously active A10 DA neurons in rats.

Chemie Ingenieur TechnikVolume 77, Issue 8 p. 1000-1001 Vortrag Recovery of Organic Solvents and Valuable Components by Membrane Separation F. P. Cuperus Dr. Ir., F. P. Cuperus Dr. Ir. cuperus@solsep.com Solsep BV, Vlietwge 81, NL-7335JE, NetherlandsSearch for more papers by this author F. P. Cuperus Dr. Ir., F. P. Cuperus Dr. Ir. cuperus@solsep.com Solsep BV, Vlietwge 81, NL-7335JE, NetherlandsSearch for more papers by this author First published: 10 August 2005 https://doi.org/10.1002/cite.200590068Citations: 11AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article.Citing Literature Volume77, Issue8Special Issue: GVC/DECHEMA-JahrestagungenAugust, 2005Pages 1000-1001 RelatedInformation