South Metropolitan Technical and Further Education

Many developing countries face persistent barriers to implementing healthcare information systems (HIS). Weak regulatory frameworks and outdated digital infrastructure remain key challenges. Bangladesh illustrates this situation, where fragmented services and limited electronic patient records reduce access to quality healthcare. Evidence suggests that standardised hospital information systems can improve patient management and service efficiency. However, successful adoption requires strong institutional and policy support. This chapter synthesises the critical factors influencing HIS implementation in developing country contexts. It draws on a systematic literature review grounded in information systems research. Eight core studies were identified from IEEE Xplore, EBSCO, and ScienceDirect following rigorous screening of 4,014 records. Twelve success factors emerged and were grouped into four policy-relevant themes. Effective resource allocation and governance capacity were identified as the most decisive factors for sustainable HIS implementation.

PurposeAustralians consume twice the global average of textiles and are deeply engaged in a linear take/make/waste fashion model. Furthermore the Australian fashion sector has some unique supply chain complications of geographical distances, sparse population and fragmentation in processing and manufacturing. This research aims to examine how Australian fashion small to medium enterprises (SMEs) are overcoming these challenges to run fashion businesses built around core principles of product stewardship (PS) and circularity.Design/methodology/approachSMEs make up 88% of the Australian apparel manufacturing sector. This qualitative exploratory study included in-depth interviews with three Australian fashion SMEs engaged in circular design practice, and a focus group of 10 Western Australian fashion advocates of sustainability. Analytic coding and analysis of the data developed eight distinct themes.FindingsThis study examines the barriers to circular economy (CE) that exist in the Australian fashion sector, and maps the practice of Australian SMEs with circular business models in overcoming these barriers. In CE innovation, Australian SMEs may have an advantage over larger fashion companies with more unwieldy structures. Employing design-thinking strategies, Australian SMEs with a foundation of PS and circular purpose are creating new systems of viable closed-loop business models and design processes.Originality/valueThe themes from this research contribute to the limited literature on circular innovation examples that link CE theory with practice in the fashion sector. The model for circularity maps the practice of three SMEs built around core principles of PS and circularity in overcoming the barriers to CE in an Australian context, and may be used as a visual tool in education and understanding.

Decommissioning of subsea infrastructure requires input from engineering and environmental studies, as well as the stakeholders, so that informed decisions can be made. This paper discusses the technical and environmental considerations relating to the decommissioning of subsea infrastructure for the full range of subsea components, including structures, rigid pipelines, flexible flowlines and control systems. Example engineering and environmental assessments that could be performed are discussed, such as stability, corrosion, lifting, materials degradation, net environmental benefit assessment (NEBA) and marine and fishing studies. The stakeholder engagement process is also presented. The paper discusses processes leading up to the decommissioning decision and what operators can do, to ensure that there is adequate information to support decisions that need to be made on transitioning into the final stage of the asset lifecycle. The paper will provide guidance on execution of the decommissioning works, how to ensure success and considerations for material handling, management and disposal of potentially hazardous and contaminated material and other environmental impacts. The technical aspects will be presented using case studies on past and present decommissioning projects in Australia. Solutions for in situ, recovery and repurposing that have been adopted will be presented, as well as alternative solutions that are currently being developed.

First feeding success is critical to larval marine finfish and optimization of live feed densities is important for larval performance and the economics of commercial hatchery production. This study investigated various rotifer feeding regimes on the prey consumption, growth and survival of yellowtail kingfish Seriola lalandi larvae over the first 12 days post hatch (dph). The common practice of maintaining high densities of rotifers (10–30 ind. mL−1) in the rearing tank was compared to a low density feeding technique, where 5–8 ind. mL−1 of rotifers were offered. A ‘hybrid’ feeding regime offered rotifers at the high density treatment until 5 dph and the lower feeding densities thereafter. There was no significant difference in larval survival (hybrid: 28.9 ± 7%, low density: 17.3 ± 5% and high density: 17.2 ± 9%) or growth (hybrid: 6.12 ± 0.18 mm, low density: 6.03 ± 0.10 mm and high density: 6.11 ± 0.23 mm) between treatments. Rotifer ingestion was independent of rotifer density throughout the trial and increased with larval age, with larvae at 4 dph ingesting 22 ± 1.5 rotifers larvae−1 h−1 and by 11 dph ingesting 59 ± 1.6 rotifers larvae−1 h−1. These data demonstrate that from first feeding, yellowtail kingfish larvae are efficient at capturing prey at the densities presented here and consequently significant savings in rotifer production costs as well as other potential benefits such as facilitation of early weaning and improved rotifer nutritional value may be obtained by utilizing lower density rotifer feeding regimes.

This article synthesizes information on marine and estuarine release programs in Australia and evaluates potential opportunities for stock enhancement. In Australia, the scale of restocking and stock enhancement programs in marine environments has been low compared with other countries, particularly Japan, China, and the United States. However, since the early 1990s, a number of government and industry organizations have made significant investments in research and development for the release of a variety of species to evaluate the potential of releases to increase the productivity of fisheries. The scale of these research programs has varied from releases of tens of thousands of individuals (abalone Haliotis laevigata, barramundi Lates calcarifer, and mulloway Argyrosomos japonicus), hundreds of thousands (tiger prawns Penaeus esculentus and black bream Acanthopagrus butcheri), and millions (eastern king prawn Penaeus plebejus). These programs, which have shown a strong commitment to the responsible approach to enhancement sensu (Blankenship and Leber, 1995; Lorenzen et al., 2010), have resulted in increased knowledge on the population dynamics and ecology of released species and the development of bio-economic and energetic models to better plan and evaluate releases. Currently, research is continuing in New South Wales (A. japonicus, P. plebejus), Queensland (L. calcarifer), and Western Australia (A. butcheri, H. laevigata). Furthermore, Victoria is developing a plan for releasing juveniles to enhance fisheries in estuarine and marine environments, and South Australia has developed a policy for marine and estuarine stock enhancement. Policies on stock enhancement are being considered for development in New South Wales and Western Australia. These developments in policy and the introduction of fishing license fees in some states have generated renewed interest in initiating release programs in Australia that follow the responsible approach to enhancement.

The direct and indirect effects of a simulated, calcarenite-based dredge material on eggs and larvae of pink snapper Pagrus auratus were assessed. Direct effects were assessed by measuring hatch rate or survival of eggs and pre-feeding larvae, respectively, over a range of concentrations and exposure durations. Exposure of eggs to suspended solid concentrations up to 10 000 mg l(-1) for 24 h did not affect egg buoyancy or hatch rate, despite sediment adherence occurring at the two highest concentrations tested. Newly hatched larvae, whose mouths were still closed, were relatively tolerant of suspended solids, with a 12 h lethal concentration resulting in 50% mortality, LC(50), of 2020 mg l(-1) and a first observable effect concentration of 150 mg l(-1). Once the larvae's mouths opened, tolerance was significantly reduced, with a 12 h LC(50) of 157 mg l(-1) and a first observable effect concentration of 4 mg l(-1). Tolerance of larvae to suspended solids was negatively correlated with suspended solids concentration and exposure time, with exposure durations of <or=6 h being significantly less detrimental than those of 9 h or more. Indirect effects to larvae were assessed by measuring ingestion of copepod nauplii by 10 and 15 days post-hatch (dph) larvae at sediment concentrations from 0 to 200 mg l(-1) in 50 mg l(-1) increments over 4 h. Ingestion was not significantly affected by sediment for 10 dph larvae, but by 15 dph, sediment had a far greater impact on ingestion, with larvae in all sediment treatments eating significantly fewer copepods than those in the control.