Special Design Bureau for Automation of Marine Research

The polymorphism of the nucleotide sequences of the trnL–trnF, rpl16 intron, and matK regions of chloroplast DNA of the medicinal plant Eleutherococcus senticosus in the southern part of the Russian Far East (RFE) has been studied. The level of genetic diversity was found to be high in the populations of Primorskii krai and average on Sakhalin Island. Hierarchical analysis of the molecular variance showed very low and insignificant genetic differentiation between the populations of these two regions (ΦCT = 0.043, P > 0.479); more than 62% of all genetic variability accounted for the intrapopulation component (ΦST = 0.377, P = 0.000). Eleven haplotypes were identified in the RFE, one of which was unique and two of which were rare for the species. All haplotypes known for E. senticosus form a single group with minimal divergence between each other.

The paper proposes an approach to implementing an intelligent video monitoring system for the animals' health and physiological status in terms of developing a smart space architecture aimed at monitoring the animals' keeping and its subsystems for animals’ video surveillance (their identification and localization) and preprocessing of video data. Three versions for implementing the video surveillance subsystem are proposed, which can be used depending on the construction, architectural and organizational features of the farm, the number of observed animals, the potential cost of the equipment, and the possibility of integrating the developed system into the farm’s existing infrastructure. Specifics of a seamless video space forming in the video data preprocessing subsystem are considered. To solve the problem of continuous localization and identification of animals in smart space, two options for implementing a subsystem of an object active in case of tracking errors are proposed. The implementation of the project of an intelligent video monitoring system for the health and physiological status of animals allows for earlier diagnosis of the most common diseases. The use of digital systems ensuring the early diagnosis of cow diseases will reduce the costs and treatment time of cows, as well as the volume of rejected milk during the treatment period, and the proportion of young highly productive animals discarded because of the diseases.

Abstract The main result of this work is the developed elements and prototypes of the information system of coastal risks associated with natural disasters. To do this, an analysis of past natural disasters was carried out, as well as possible events in the future were evaluated. Flood zones caused by these events and hydrodynamic impact on the shore were calculated. Risk maps, including escape routes, are based on these calculations. This research work was carried out for several coastal points of the Sakhalin region of Russia.KeywordsLong waves disaster mitigationNumerical simulationInundation zoneCoastal risks

Two rolling bearing life models based on the concept of dynamic stress capacity are considered. They are the modified Lundberg–Palmgren model and the Gupta–Zaretsky model. Consistency of these models with patterns of dependences of the bearing life from temperature and scale factor is analyzed. Stability of the model parameters to the conditions of the experiments used to determine them is analyzed as well. A significant dependence of the material’s contact durability on its elastic properties is a negative characteristic of the Gupta–Zaretsky model, since in studies of the temperature dependence of fatigue properties, changes in elastic properties are not explicitly taken into account. The scale factor adopted in the modified Lundberg–Palmgren model is in good agreement with the experimental data for ball bearings with balls up to 25.4 mm, and in the Gupta–Zaretsky model, for bearings with balls larger than 25.4 mm. The results of the stability analysis of the experimental parameters of the considered models to the shear stress life exponent in the life equation without a scale factor, considered in the example of a 32 220 bearing, indicate the preference of the modified Lundberg–Palmgren model. The modified Lundberg–Palmgren model has good validity characteristics. It requires further improvements aimed at taking into account the residual and operating stresses, as well as adequately taking into account the scale factor in calculating ball bearings with a ball diameter over 25.4 mm.

Abstract The dramatic decline in the once superabundant Yellow‐breasted Bunting Emberiza aureola , a widely distributed Eurasian songbird, triggered worldwide media interest. Five years after the initial publication, we set out to give an update on the status of this critically endangered species, the conservation actions that followed, and the lessons that can be learned from this exceptional case for the conservation of migratory land birds in Asia and beyond. While there are signs of possible population recovery in the Yellow‐breasted Bunting, other migratory songbird species were recently observed to be trapped in huge numbers, which could lead to further declines. We argue that the Yellow‐breasted Bunting can be used as a flagship species to promote the conservation of East Asian land bird migrants.

The NEAM Tsunami Hazard Model 2018 (NEAMTHM18) is a probabilistic hazard model for tsunamis generated by earthquakes. It covers the coastlines of the North-eastern Atlantic, the Mediterranean, and connected seas (NEAM). NEAMTHM18 was designed as a three-phase project. The first two phases were dedicated to the model development and hazard calculations, following a formalized decision-making process based on a multiple-expert protocol. The third phase was dedicated to documentation and dissemination. The hazard assessment workflow was structured in Steps and Levels. There are four Steps: Step-1) probabilistic earthquake model; Step-2) tsunami generation and modeling in deep water; Step-3) shoaling and inundation; Step-4) hazard aggregation and uncertainty quantification. Each Step includes a different number of Levels. Level-0 always describes the input data; the other Levels describe the intermediate results needed to proceed from one Step to another. Alternative datasets and models were considered in the implementation. The epistemic hazard uncertainty was quantified through an ensemble modeling technique accounting for alternative models’ weights and yielding a distribution of hazard curves represented by the mean and various percentiles. Hazard curves were calculated at 2,343 Points of Interest (POI) distributed at an average spacing of ∼20 km. Precalculated probability maps for five maximum inundation heights (MIH) and hazard intensity maps for five average return periods (ARP) were produced from hazard curves. In the entire NEAM Region, MIHs of several meters are rare but not impossible. Considering a 2% probability of exceedance in 50 years (ARP≈2,475 years), the POIs with MIH >5 m are fewer than 1% and are all in the Mediterranean on Libya, Egypt, Cyprus, and Greece coasts. In the North-East Atlantic, POIs with MIH >3 m are on the coasts of Mauritania and Gulf of Cadiz. Overall, 30% of the POIs have MIH >1 m. NEAMTHM18 results and documentation are available through the TSUMAPS-NEAM project website (http://www.tsumaps-neam.eu/), featuring an interactive web mapper. Although the NEAMTHM18 cannot substitute in-depth analyses at local scales, it represents the first action to start local and more detailed hazard and risk assessments and contributes to designing evacuation maps for tsunami early warning.

<p> The collision of solitary waves has been studied analytically and numerically in numerated papers for last 50 years. In the weakly nonlinear theory, the soliton interaction is inelastic. Here we study more general class of the head-collision of nonlinear waves of various shape (Riemann waves of both polarities, shock waves and solitons) in the shallow water within nonlinear shallow-water theory, Serre-Green-Naghdi and Euler equations. The structure of wave field and induced bottom pressure at the moment of wave interaction is analysed analytically and numerically. It is shown that such an interaction leads to a phase shift and shape deformation in the moment of interaction. Estimates of the height of the Riemann waves as well solitons of moderate amplitudes at the moment of interaction are in agreement with theoretical predictions. The phase shift in the interaction of non-breaking waves is small enough, but becomes noticeable in the case of the shock waves motion. The approximated analytical solution for the wave field and bottom pressure distribution is obtained analytically within Serre-Green-Naghdi system. Computed bottom pressure in dispersive theories has two-bell shape for large amplitude solitary waves in quality agreement with theoretical analysis.</p>

Numerical simulation of a tsunami from September 28, 2018, on Sulawesi Island (Indonesia) is carried out. It is shown that the observed distribution of tsunami heights within a large area can be explained by the direct effect of a strong earthquake, whereas in the source zone (area of the city of Palu) it was produced by an underwater landslide.

Abstract Modeling of tsunamis in glacial fjords prompts us to evaluate applicability of the cross‐sectionally averaged nonlinear shallow water equations to model propagation and runup of long waves in asymmetrical bays and also in fjords with two heads. We utilize the Tuck‐Hwang transformation, initially introduced for the plane beaches and currently generalized for bays with arbitrary cross section, to transform the nonlinear governing equations into a linear equation. The solution of the linearized equation describing the runup at the shore line is computed by taking into account the incident wave at the toe of the last sloping segment. We verify our predictions against direct numerical simulation of the 2‐D shallow water equations and show that our solution is valid both for bays with an asymmetric L‐shaped cross section, and for fjords with two heads—bays with a W‐shaped cross section.