Spoon River College

Bheramara Upazila of Bangladesh is a significant place to observe avian population.At the time of surveying, direct observation, and interviews with local people could help to write this paper.The avian diversity in the Bheramara Upazila of Bangladesh resulted the richness of birds with 48 species.The Shannon-Wiener index suggested very high richness in Site D (tree), Site E (bush), and Site F (flying) with 3.533, 3.562, and 3.679 values, and high diversity in Site A (waterbody) and Site B (cropland) with 3.394 and 3.196 values accordingly.Shannon-Wiener index value in Site C (ground) (2.902) was not significant on the basis of birds' population.Based on the number of the species and their abundance, the Simpson index was carried out with high diversity in all sites with 0.939, 0.918, 0.895, 0.957, 0.960, 0.970 values.Relative abundance of different species in this area was found the highest in flying condition (0.950) whereas the lowest on ground (0.750), so the results exhibited according to the Shannon-Wiener indices are F > E > D > A > B > C sites accordingly.Values of the Berger-Parker did not find significant in all sites.Out of 48 species, passerine birds were 18 in number and non-passerine 30 species.Within all species, orders were 14, families 30, breeding birds 15, and resident birds were 48 (94%).Based on availability of the birds, this upazila focused very common birds 23, common 16, few 4, uncommon 3, and rare 1.This study was carried out from

As a significant bird collection, Mandai Bird Paradise (formerly Jurong Bird Park) is the largest bird park in Asia.ArcGIS pro and R package helped to explain the habitats and abundance of pigeons and doves inside this park.A day-long visit dated 28 September 2025 provided information about these pigeons and doves.From 9 a. m. to 5 p. m. (Singapore time), following 17 types of pigeons and doves have been observed with their feeding time and interaction with visitors.Based on the number of pigeons and doves and their habitats, results were not significant (p = 0.9574), so there were no significant differences between two major habitats (tree and ground) sharing in pigeons and doves.Highest percentages on the basis of tree sharing were 0.74% at Mandai Bird Paradise.Binomial test is not suitable here because in the same community available pigeons and doves were not significantly different from a hypothesized population.Data were not in normal distribution due to observed small population, so within pigeons-doves, specific species were not observed frequently.In nature, due to hunting and pettrade, pigeons and doves are decreasing, so this type of bird park could play a significant role to reintroduce these birds for ecological balance.

Cantonment area is a protective area, so birds can easily complete their reproductive phase successfully.Year-wise observation on the basis of their breeding status helped to complete this write-up.Out of seven common birds of cantonment area were divided on their breeding season with March to September (Indian pied myna (Sturnus contra), black drongo (Dicrurus adsimilis), magpie robin (Copsychus saularis), house crow (Corvus splendens), house sparrow (Passer domesticus) and all the year (Eurasian collared dove (Streptopelia decaocto), spotted dove (Spilopelia chinensis).Insect larvae, grain, and seeds were available in this area.Observed nests were maximum twig nest.Incubation and fledging days were depended on the species.This study was carried out

Fever is a common symptom in children, which represents one of the burning issues for parents due to excessive concern and frequent medical attention. Most febrile episodes are not harmful but could be viewed as a beneficial response to infection. Despite this, ‘’fever phobia” remains prevalent among parents, and improper handling of childhood fever has been recorded for nearly two decades. Nevertheless, numerous health professionals have documented unanticipated concerns regarding the handling of negative attitudes. This was a systematic review of the literature to explore the perception of childhood febrile illness among parents and health professionals based on a comprehensive literature search. Childhood febrile illness continues to provoke fear in both parents and healthcare providers. Healthcare professionals play a crucial role as the main source of information for parents and carry the responsibility of alleviating parental anxiety. A multicomponent intervention including training of healthcare professionals should be implemented to achieve a reduction in hospital burden and undue parental concern, thereby improving the management strategy of uncomplicated febrile illness in children. The concerning misperception regarding fever and its management in children persists among both parents and health professionals within the community, despite advancements in education and scientific knowledge. There is an utmost requirement to prepare specific guidelines and spread awareness in the community about the management of febrile illnesses in children. Jalalabad Med J 2024; 21 (2); 79-87

Background: Breast cancer is the leading and most prevalent form of cancer among the women in Bangladesh. The aim of the study was to assess the level of awareness of the breast cancer among adult female. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 103 adult females in Out Patient Departments (OPDs) of Combined Military Hospital (CMH), Dhaka during July to December 2013. Data were collected purposively by face-to-face interview with a semi-structured questionnaire. Results: A total of 103 adult females participated in the study with the mean (±SD) age was 36.26±12.70. Majority 39(37.9%) of the respondents were in age group 29-39. Most 82(79.6%) of the participants were married, 90(87.4%) were housewives, 31(30.1%) were HSC qualified. Maximum 31(88.35%) respondents had average knowledge on breast cancer. Education and occupational status was found significantly associated with level of knowledge of the respondents. Conclusion: The overall knowledge of the respondents was found average. As it is a major health burden in women and incidence is very high in Bangladesh concern authority should take necessary action to adopt measures to increase the awareness on breast cancer. Bangladesh Armed Forces Med J Vol 57 No (1) June 2024, pp 14-21

Background: Birth weight has significant short and long-term effects on health and survival and is a useful predictor of prenatal and postnatal development. Birth weight is likely to play a key role for the infant’s survival because it is one of the strongest predictors of infant mortality risk. The aim of the study was to find out the association between birth weight and mode of delivery. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted at Combined Military Hospital, Ghatail from 15 March 2019 to 30 June 2019. Secondary data were used, which were collected from hospital register during the period of 01 January 2018 to 31 December 2018. The study population was all the newborn babies delivered in CMH, Ghatail during that period and mothers of the newborn babies were respondents of the study. Results: Out of 526 respondents majority (64.83%) were in the age group of 23-32 years with mean age 25.14(range: 18-40) years. Of the newborn babies around half (48.3%) were male. The mean birth weight was 2.92 kg with minimum weight 1.2 kg and maximum 4.2 kg. The data showed that the prevalence of Low Birth Weight (LBW) 13.1%. Majority (84.6%) of the mothers didn’t have any comorbidity, few (15.4%) suffered from comorbidity. 53.8% babies were born by caesarean section (CS) and 46.2% were delivered by normal vaginal delivery. Among the low birth weight babies 65.2% were born by CS. Statistically significant association was found between birth weight of the babies and mode of delivery (p<0.05). Conclusion: Caesarean section cannot be routinely recommended, unless there are other obstetric indications. Bangladesh Armed Forces Med J Vol 57 No (1) June 2024, pp 8-13

The fusion of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Java programming offers a powerful synergy, enabling developers to create intelligent systems and applications with efficiency, robustness, and scalability. This paper explores the amalgamation of Java's versatility and AI's cognitive capabilities, presenting various techniques, libraries, and methodologies that leverage Java's strengths in building AI-driven solutions. The paper commences with an overview of AI concepts and the landscape of Java's role in AI development. It delves into fundamental AI algorithms, such as machine learning, natural language processing (NLP), computer vision, and reinforcement learning, elucidating their implementation in Java through frameworks like Deeplearning, Weka, and Apache OpenNLP. Furthermore, it discusses the utilization of Java in crafting intelligent agents and exploring techniques for creating autonomous decision-making systems, expert systems, and heuristic-driven algorithms. It highlights the integration of Java with AI-enabled tools, emphasizing the importance of data preprocessing, feature engineering, and model deployment. Moreover, the paper examines the challenges and opportunities in Java-based AI development, addressing concerns related to performance optimization, compatibility with diverse data sources, and the interoperability of AI modules. Finally, the paper concludes with a glimpse into the future of Java-powered AI, envisioning advancements in Java libraries, frameworks, and methodologies that will foster the creation of more sophisticated, intelligent systems.

"The Use of Model Speeches on Videotape (or See, Your Friends Can Do This Too!)." The Speech Communication Teacher, 8(1), pp. 11–12