Sri Aurobindo Institute of Technology

In the flash-grab effect, an object flashed on a moving background appears to be shifted in the direction of the motion. The same background motion also distorts the flashed object's perceived shape. An even greater shift in the perceived location is produced by the frame effect, raising the question of whether it also produces a shape distortion. This phenomenon is important because the frame effect has been linked to perceptual stabilization during eye movements where the whole visual field acts as the frame. We found that, unlike the flash-grab case, shape was preserved for the frame effect to a much greater extent than for the flash-grab. Next, we tested the extent to which shape distortions could be predicted from the size of the shifts in position of individual shape elements. We found that observed distortions were weaker than predicted distortions for the frame effect, but stronger for the flash-grab stimulus. Finally, we examined whether the greater shape distortion for the flash-grab was due to the nature of the background motion (rotation vs. translation) or the aperture within which the background motion was presented (circular vs. rectangular). We found that both factors contributed to greater shape distortion. Our findings show that motion-induced shape distortions are not solely based on the individual position shifts of the shape elements when tested in isolation. The shape preservation for the frame effect may be achieved through engaging shape-based mechanisms tuned to the dynamics of saccadic eye movements.

Taste perception, shaped by both genetic makeup and environmental influences, plays an important role in dietary habits and overall health. Sensitivity to phenylthiocarbamide (PTC), which is controlled by variations in the TAS2R38 gene, categorizes individuals as either tasters or nontasters. This distinction can affect food preferences and may contribute to differences in susceptibility to dental caries. Research has shown associations between PTC-tasting ability and dental caries, skeletal development, and body mass index (BMI), highlighting its potential usefulness in evaluating caries risk and informing growth-related assessments. To evaluate the association of PTC taste sensitivity with dental caries experience, skeletal maturation, and BMI percentiles among individuals classified as tasters and nontasters. A total of 96 children between the ages of 8 and 12 were randomly chosen for the study. PTC taste sensitivity was determined using a standardized taste test. Skeletal development was assessed via radiovisiography (RVG) of the middle phalanx. BMI was calculated using standard anthropometric measurements and classified into percentiles based on the IAP Pediatric Growth Charts. Dental caries experience was recorded using decayed, extracted, and filled teeth (deft) and decayed, missing, and filled teeth (DMFT) indices. Nontasters had significantly more carious teeth than tasters (p-value < 0.001). However, no significant differences in BMI or skeletal maturity were observed between tasters and nontasters (p-value = 0.738) and (p-value = 0.555), respectively. PTC taste sensitivity may help assess dental caries risk in children. While no significant links were found between PTC sensitivity, obesity, or skeletal maturity, the findings emphasize the importance of taste perception in dietary choices and oral health. Further research is needed to understand the mechanisms linking taste sensitivity to health outcomes. PTC testing could help clinicians identify cavity-prone children and tailor preventive strategies, with future research exploring taste-based interventions to improve diet and oral health. Dixit A, Saxena A, Verma N, et al. Association of Phenylthiocarbamide Taste Sensitivity with Dental Caries, Skeletal Maturity, and Body Mass Index Percentiles in Children Aged 8-12 Years: A Cross-sectional Study. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2026;19(2):190-194.

Cleanliness is not only the things that we see, it is also the things that we sense, breathe, and keep for the future.Rapid urbanization and increased waste production have resulted in bad odors that, besides causing health hazards, are also damaging the environment.Most of the currently available smart waste programs only keep track of how full the bins are and do not pay attention to the very important aspect of odor detection.Since an odor is the earliest indication of decomposition and a source of diseases, thus, its treatment is necessary.This is an AI-powered Smart Waste Management System that uses predictive analytics to keep off the waste from being smelly, which is the essence of the project.The system installs gas sensors, environmental sensors, and ultrasonic fill-level detection that are linked through ESP32 to a cloud platform for real-time monitoring.It is a machine learning model that anticipates the generation of odors due to the decomposition of the waste before the occurrence of the event, thus, making it possible to intervene on time and also to collect the waste in an optimized way.By integrating odor prediction with AI-based route optimization, the device becomes a means of improving hygiene, reducing human labor, and being a reliable partner for a sustainable Smart City future

The development of non-invasive biosensing technologies emerged as a critical frontier in personalized healthcare and continuous health monitoring. This comprehensive review examines the current state-of-the-art in non-invasive methods for measuring essential body fluid parameters including glucose, electrolytes (Na⁺, K⁺, Cl⁻, Ca<sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup>⁺), blood cells (WBC, RBC), amino acids, creatinine, hemoglobin, oxygen, meniscus fluid and other vital biomarkers. Researchers systematically analyze six primary biological fluid-based approaches: sweat, saliva, urine, tears, breath analysis, and meniscus fluid assessment. Each method is evaluated based on measurement principles, target parameters, accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, and clinical applicability. The review covers electrochemical sensors, optical detection methods, wearable technologies, and emerging nanomaterial-based approaches. Key findings indicate that while significant progress has been made in glucose monitoring and electrolyte detection, challenges remain in achieving clinical-grade accuracy for complex biomarkers. This review provides a foundation for future research directions and identifies opportunities for advancing non-invasive health monitoring technologies.

Background:The long-term clinical success of computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) all-ceramic crowns on prefabricated implant abutments largely depends on the selection of an appropriate luting agent. The choice of luting material influences the crown’s retention, marginal adaptation, and overall performance.Materials and Methods:This in vivo comparative study was conducted on 30 patients requiring single-unit posterior implant-supported crowns. Patients were randomly divided into three groups (n = 10 each) based on the luting agent used: Group A: Self-adhesive resin cement, Group B: Glass ionomer cement, Group C: Resin-modified glass ionomer cement Standardized CAD/CAM lithium disilicate crowns were fabricated and cemented onto titanium prefabricated abutments. All crowns were evaluated at baseline and after 3, 6, and 12 months for retention, marginal integrity, and debonding events. The primary outcome was the retention force measured using a customized pull-out device calibrated in Newtons (N). Clinical performance and any technical complications were also noted.Results:At the 12-month follow-up, Group A (self-adhesive resin cement) showed the highest mean retention value (450 ± 25 N), followed by Group C (380 ± 30 N) and Group B (320 ± 28 N). Debonding was observed in 1 case in Group B and 1 case in Group C, while no debonding occurred in Group A. Statistical analysis using ANOVA demonstrated a significant difference in retention among the groups (P < 0.05). Marginal adaptation was satisfactory across all groups, with no biological complications recorded.Conclusion:Within the limitations of this in vivo study, self-adhesive resin cement demonstrated superior retention of CAD/CAM all-ceramic crowns on prefabricated implant abutments compared to glass ionomer and resin-modified glass ionomer cements.

In the evolving digital landscape, social engineering attacks have become increasingly sophisticated, particularly with the integration of artificial intelligence (AI) that manipulates human perception for malicious intent. This research investigates AI-enabled social engineering techniques and proposes a novel hybrid detection model—Perception-Aware Threat Analysis Framework (PTAF)—that integrates deep deceptive pattern recognition (DDPR) and human cognitive vulnerability estimation. We utilized the Social Engineering Detection Dataset, containing over 50,000 labeled records of phishing, pretexting, and baiting scenarios enriched with behavioral and cognitive cues. Experimental evaluation was performed using advanced classifiers including BERT, BiLSTM, and a custom transformer-DDPR model. The proposed PTAF model achieved a detection accuracy of 98.91%, precision of 97.83%, F1 score of 98.22%, and false-positive rate of 1.09%, outperforming traditional natural language processing–based baselines. This study emphasizes AI's dual-edged nature in both perpetuating and preventing social engineering, calling for enhanced perceptual-cognitive defense systems.

The increasing dependence on Li-ion batteries has amplified the importance of accurately estimating the State of Charge (SoC). A dependable SoC prediction enables BMS to maintain operational safety and improve overall efficiency. Conventional estimation methods, such as OCV and Coulomb counting, remain popular for their simplicity and low computational requirements, but often struggle to deliver reliable results under dynamic or fluctuating load conditions. In recent years, intelligent learning algorithms - including ML, DL, and hybrid models - have achieved notable improvements in accuracy and adaptability. Among them, deep architectures such as LSTM and CNN-LSTM have demonstrated under-1% RMSE in benchmark analyses. Despite these advances, such models continue to face challenges related to data dependency, computational demand, and poor generalization across battery chemistries and working situations. This study offers a consolidated review of SoC estimation methodologies, encompassing traditional, ML, and DL techniques, and presents structured comparison tables along with their integration into modern BMS frameworks. The paper further outlines existing research gaps involving data efficiency, realtime applicability, uncertainty quantification, and benchmarking standards. Through comparative evaluation and critical insight, the work aims to direct future research toward lightweight, generalizable, and uncertainty-aware SoC estimation strategies capable of supporting large-scale deployment in electric mobility and energy storage applications.

Objectives Dizziness is defined as a deceptive or erroneous perception of movement, which can be either non-rotational (such as oscillopsia) or rotational (such as vertigo). These types of movement are frequently caused by injuries to the neurological system and the ears. About 15% of people worldwide suffer from vertigo, a common kind of dizziness. The purpose of the study was to create a series of questionnaires that were easily understood by Hindi speakers and to assess the internal consistency of the translated questionnaires. Materials and Methods A cross-sectional study involving 100 individuals with vestibular pathology-related dizziness, ranging in age from 16 to 75, was carried out. The investigation consisted of two stages. Phase I involves creating and verifying the inventory, while Phase II involves administering the translated inventory. Results The Cronbach’s alpha coefficient was calculated to assess the questionnaire’s internal consistency. With an overall alpha value of 0.92, the DHI-H showed strong internal consistency. The scores for the physical, emotional, and functional subscales were 0.94, 0.93, and 0.99, respectively. To assess the association between the two questionnaires utilised in this study, Kendall’s tau correlation coefficient was also employed. According to the test results, there was a moderate association between the DHI-H score and the ABC-H. Conclusion The findings of the study indicate that the DHI-H possesses good internal reliability. As such, it can be effectively used among Hindi-speaking individuals to assess the impact of dizziness, offering valuable information for both pre- and post-intervention evaluations.

ABSTRACTAim:To analyze the surgical and postoperative management of paediatric non-condylar mandibular fractures across different dentition stages, while emphasizing the role of a multidisciplinary team involving oral surgery, orthodontics, endodontics, and prosthodontics.Methods:This prospective study involved 30 pediatric patients aged 3–16 years diagnosed with non-condylar mandibular fractures. Patients were grouped into deciduous, mixed, and permanent dentition categories. Each case was managed by a multidisciplinary team. Treatment protocols included surgical reduction and fixation, endodontic treatment for traumatized teeth, orthodontic intervention for space maintenance and alignment, and prosthodontic rehabilitation where tooth loss occurred.Results:• Oral Surgery: Primary fracture management via closed or open reduction depending on age and fracture displacement. • Endodontics: Vital pulp therapy or apexification was required in 9 cases with dental trauma. • Orthodontics: Provided removable or fixed appliances for growth guidance and space management in 14 cases. • Prosthodontics: Interim prostheses were used for aesthetic and functional rehabilitation in 6 cases. Multidisciplinary collaboration resulted in optimal outcomes, with minimal growth disturbance and restored function and aesthetics.Conclusion:Managing pediatric mandibular fractures effectively requires integrated care. Involving oral surgery for immediate management, endodontics for pulp vitality, orthodontics for developing occlusion, and prosthodontics for restoring lost structures ensures comprehensive rehabilitation tailored to the child’s developmental stage.