State Higher Vocational School in Koszalin

Highlights94.5% of nurses had heard of Shaken Baby Syndrome (SBS), but only 5.5% received formal training;27.3% experienced emotional overload while caring for a crying infant;Older nurses showed better knowledge of colic and safer coping strategies;92.7% expressed interest in SBS and infant crying management training;Only 29.1% believed mothers are informed about SBS in maternity wards.Background: Shaken Baby Syndrome (SBS) is a severe form of abusive head trauma with potentially fatal consequences. Nurses and midwives play a crucial role in its prevention through early recognition and caregiver education; however, little is known about their knowledge and preparedness in the Polish context. Objectives: To assess the knowledge, perceptions, and educational experiences related to SBS among Polish nurses and midwives working with infants. Participants and Setting: A nationwide cross-sectional survey was conducted among 110 nurses and midwives employed in neonatal and pediatric care settings across Poland. Methods: An anonymous questionnaire collected demographic data and evaluated knowledge of SBS, infant crying, coping strategies, and prior training. Associations between knowledge levels and participant characteristics were analyzed using the Mann-Whitney U and Kruskal-Wallis tests. Results: Most participants (94.5%) had heard of SBS, and 78.2% correctly recognized shaking as more dangerous than a fall from a changing table. However, only 5.5% reported receiving formal training on SBS. Recognition of SBS symptoms was generally high (e.g., vomiting 100%, seizures 90.9%), but misconceptions persisted regarding coping with infant crying. More than one-quarter (27.3%) admitted experiencing a “breaking point,” and this group was more likely to acknowledge the risk of losing emotional control. Older nurses demonstrated significantly better recognition of crying patterns and colic (p = 0.0415), while SBS knowledge was positively associated with years of professional experience (p = 0.0484). Conclusions: Although general awareness of SBS is widespread, practical knowledge and training remain insufficient. Structured educational programs on SBS and infant crying management are urgently needed to better prepare healthcare professionals and reduce the risk of caregiver-related harm to infants.

Background/Objectives: Thrombocytopenia-absent radius (TAR) syndrome is a rare genetic disorder characterized by the bilateral absence of the radius and thrombocytopenia, often leading to functional limitations and gait asymmetries. Prosthetic devices are sometimes employed to improve mobility and posture, but their impact on gait mechanics in pediatric patients remains poorly understood. Methods: The methodology used is based on a study that evaluated the gait parameters of a 10-year-old child with TAR syndrome under static and dynamic conditions, both with and without the use of a custom-designed upper limb prosthesis. The analysis focused on assessing the prosthesis's impact on gait symmetry and biomechanics. A key aspect of the methodology involved studying the distribution of pressure forces on the ground during walking using the FreeMed EXTREME Maxi baropodometric platform. Results: Gait analysis demonstrated asymmetries between the left and right feet. In the absence of the prosthesis, the patient exhibited excessive forward loading and uneven pressure distributions. The use of a custom prosthesis, particularly with counterbalancing features, improved gait symmetry but led to increased reliance on the left foot. This foot experienced higher pressures (738-852 g/cm2) and longer ground contact times (690-865 ms) compared to the right foot (619-748 g/cm2 and 673-771 ms). The left foot displayed elevated forefoot pressures (61-65%), while the right foot bore weight laterally (66-74%). Conclusions: The custom prosthesis influenced gait mechanics by redistributing plantar pressures and modifying ground contact times, partially improving gait symmetry. However, compensatory strategies, such as increased loading on the left foot, could contribute to musculoskeletal strain over time. Individualized rehabilitation programs and prosthetic designs are essential for optimizing gait mechanics, improving mobility, and minimizing long-term complications in TAR syndrome patients.

Temat jest rozległy i dość trudny do rozwiązania, ponieważ łączy trzy szerokie, otwarte i złożone koncepcje: przestępczość zorganizowaną, pokój i rządy prawa. Termin przestępczości zorganizowanej jest szeroki i obejmuje szeroki zakres działalności przestępczej. Handel ludźmi (w celu prostytucji, zmuszania do prostytucji lub pracy przymusowej), migracje, przemyt migrantów, handel narkotykami, handel nielegalnymi towarami, podrabianie towarów, handel narkotykami, handel dobrami kultury, handel bronią, napady z bronią w ręku i pranie brudnych pieniędzy. Istnieją również inne formy, choć mniej rozpowszechnione, takie jak piractwo, a także nowsze formy: cyberprzestępczość plus przestępczość przeciwko środowisku (formy: handel zwierzętami, pozyskiwanie drewna lub górnictwo, nielegalne rybołówstwo, nielegalne połowy, nielegalny handel odpadami itp.).

IntroductionWalled-off pancreatic necrosis (WOPN) is a life-threatening, late complication of acute pancreatitis, in which a fluid collection containing necrotic material is formed. Infection of the fluid collection significantly increases the mortality of patients with WOPN.AimTo examine the levels of oxidative stress markers in the pancreatic necrotic fluid (PNF) and serum of patients with sterile and infected WOPN.Material and methodsThirty-three adult patients with sterile WOPN and 14 with infected WOPN, as well as 31 patients with mild AP, were included in this study. Concentrations of oxidative stress markers (8-isoprostane, protein carbonyl groups, and 8-hydroxyguanine) were measured in the PNF and serum of patients with sterile and infected WOPN.ResultsHigh concentrations of all measured oxidative stress markers in PNF, but not in serum, were detected in patients with WOPN. Additionally, oxidative stress markers in PNF were significantly increased in patients with infected as compared to sterile WOPN. The serum high sensitive C-reactive protein (hsCRP) concentrations showed the highest correlation with PNF oxidative stress marker levels. Receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve analysis confirmed that serum hsCRP could be a good predictor of WOPN infection.ConclusionsOxidative stress is associated with WOPN development; infection of PNF worsens the course of WOPN, possibly via increased production of reactive oxygen species; and serum hsCRP concentrations seem to be a good, noninvasive indicator of PNF infection.

Recently, a new generation of calcium silicate-based root canal sealers has been developed. These new types of sealers have the ability to set in wet environment, have high alkalinity and present potential antimicrobial activity. The aim of this study was to determine the chemical composition and microstructure of 2 novel calcium silicate-containing root canal sealers - TotalFill® BC Sealer and GuttaFlow® Bioseal. The tested sealers were prepared according to the manufacturers' instructions. Sixteen cylindrical dishes (inner diameter: 4 mm; height: 3 mm) were placed on a glass Petri dish and packed with the materials. The Petri dish was transferred to an incubator. After the sealers set, excess material was removed with diamond discs and polishing paste. The materials were assessed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) X‑ray microanalysis. Both TotalFill BC Sealer and GuttaFlow Bioseal contained calcium, zirconium, oxygen, carbon, silicon, and a trace of sodium. In the case of TotalFill BC Sealer, trace amounts of copper and technetium were also present, and for GuttaFlow Bioseal, iron, zinc, and a trace of magnesium and hafnium were noted. No bismuth was found. Both of the assessed sealers contained fine particles embedded in the matrix; however, GuttaFlow Bioseal also had larger particles with a diameter of 2-10 μm. TotalFill BC Sealer represents a higher degree of purity in comparison with GuttaFlow Bioseal. The clinical implications of heavy metals present in GuttaFlow Bioseal need to be investigated. Both materials have a fine particle structure, which is desirable for root canal sealers.

Introduction: Childhood illnesses are a major problem that very often require the emergency hospitalization of children. In 2013 the largest percentage of hospitalized children were those up to 4 years old. The most common cause of hospitalization for children is respiratory infections of viral, bacterial and allergic origin.The conducted research aimed at analyzing the most common causes of admissions of children to the Emergency Department in Słupsk (ED).Materials and methods: The research group represented 372 paediatric patients aged up to 4 years who were admitted to the ED in 2013.Results: The examined group comprised 372 (100%) children. The average age was 23.20 (±16.06) months. The largest group comprised children transferred to hospital – 217 (58.33%) patients, of whom 50% were children referred to the Paediatric Department. The most common cause of admission was respiratory diseases, representing nearly 30% of all cases. The analysis of the relationship between the groups, and the cause of admission to the ED revealed a statistical significance between the variables (p = 0.0021). Most admissions were between the hours 12.00–23.59.Conclusions: The most common cause for the admission of children to the ED was respiratory diseases. There were more children transferred to another hospital ward than discharged for outpatient treatment.