State University of Makassar

Artificial intelligence (AI) is revolutionizing English Language Teaching (ELT) by providing teachers with modern tools to personalize lesson plans and maximize student engagement. This chapter explores the use of AI-generated resources in lesson planning and offers practical tips for teachers. AI technologies, such as large language models, natural language processing, and generative AIs, enable the creation of various materials, including quizzes, worksheets, and multimedia presentations. These tools enhance efficiency and creativity by personalizing content to suit different levels of learners' skills and preferred learning styles. The chapter also discusses the seamless integration of AI features into pre-existing teaching practices and maintaining the right content focus. However, it also addresses ethical issues such as fairness, accuracy, and transparency of AI content generation and the need for teachers to monitor tools for bias detection.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kualitas argumen ilmiah siswa pada pembelajaran biologi berbasis isu sosial ilmiah dan untuk mengetahui persepsi siswa terhadap pembelajaran biologi. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah penelitian deskriptif dengan menggunakan metode kombinasi atau yang disebut metode campuran (mix methods). Subjek penelitian dalam penelitian ini terdiri dari 2 kelas yang berjumlah 72 siswa. Pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini menggunakan soal tes dan kuesioner terbuka. Soal tes terdiri dari 2 nomor yang akan dianalisis menggunakan TAP (Toulmin Argumentation Pattern) yang meliputi 6 indikator, yaitu klaim, data, penjamin, pendukung, kualifikasi, dan bantahan . Kemudian kuesioner terbuka terdiri dari 4 pertanyaan. Berdasarkan hasil tes kualitas argumentasi ilmiah siswa, tingkat 0 terdapat 6 siswa, tingkat 1 terdapat 23 siswa, tingkat 2 terdapat 28 siswa, tingkat 3 terdapat 12 siswa, tingkat 4 terdapat 3 siswa, dan tidak ada satupun siswa yang mencapai tingkat 5. Berdasarkan data tersebut dapat disimpulkan bahwa kualitas keterampilan argumentasi ilmiah siswa masih kurang karena masih terdapat siswa yang tidak menyajikan argumennya, sehingga keterampilan argumentasi perlu dikembangkan kembali.

Blocking ability is one of the technical skills that greatly determines a team's success in volleyball. Blocking effectiveness is influenced by various physical components, including lower leg explosiveness and reaction speed. However, empirical studies examining the relationship between these two physical variables in high school volleyball extracurricular participants are still limited. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the relationship between lower leg explosiveness and reaction speed with blocking ability. This study used a quantitative correlational design with a population of 20 volleyball extracurricular participants at High School 8 Bulukumba using a total sampling technique. Lower leg explosiveness was measured using a vertical jump test, reaction speed using a visual reaction test, and blocking ability using a volleyball blocking skills test. Data was analyzed using Pearson Product Moment correlation. The results showed a positive and significant relationship between lower leg explosiveness and reaction speed with blocking ability. The correlation coefficient (r) value of 0.770 indicates a strong relationship, with the simultaneous contribution of both variables amounting to 59.3% of the variation in blocking ability. Leg explosiveness has been shown to play a crucial role in producing an optimal vertical jump, while reaction speed determines the accuracy of timing and hand position when facing an attack. This study concludes that the synergy between explosive and responsive physical components is the primary foundation for technical success in modern volleyball dynamics at the high school level. Increasing explosive power and reaction speed is essential for optimizing blocking performance in high school volleyball extracurricular programs.

Early childhood mental health is a crucial foundation for emotional and behavioral development, which is significantly influenced by parental psychological dynamics. One factor believed to contribute to children’s mental health issues is parenting stress in mothers as the primary caregivers. This study aims to analyze the relationship and predictive role of maternal parenting stress on early childhood mental health issues. The study employs a quantitative approach with a correlational design. The study sample consisted of 72 mothers with children aged 4–6 years in one subdistrict of Makassar City, selected using purposive sampling. Data collection was conducted using the Parenting Stress Scale (PSS) and the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ), both completed by the mothers. Data analysis included descriptive statistics, the Kolmogorov-Smirnov normality test, the linearity test, Pearson’s Product-Moment correlation, and simple linear regression using SPSS version 25. The results indicated that the data were normally distributed and that the relationship between variables was linear. The correlation test revealed a positive and significant relationship between maternal parenting stress and mental health problems in young children (r = 0.301; Sig. = 0.010). The results of simple linear regression indicated that maternal parenting stress is a significant predictor of mental health problems in young children, contributing 9.0% (R-squared = 0.090). These findings indicate that the higher the maternal parenting stress, the higher the mental health problems in early childhood. Thus, the mother’s psychological condition needs to be considered in efforts toward early detection and intervention for children’s mental health. ABSTRAK Kesehatan mental anak usia dini merupakan fondasi krusial bagi perkembangan emosi dan perilaku yang dipengaruhi secara signifikan oleh dinamika psikologis orang tua. Salah satu faktor yang diduga berperan pada masalah kesehatan mental anak adalah stres pengasuhan pada ibu sebagai pengasuh utama. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis hubungan serta peran prediktif stres pengasuhan ibu terhadap masalah kesehatan mental anak usia dini. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan desain korelasional. Sampel penelitian berjumlah 72 ibu yang memiliki anak usia 4-6 tahun di salah satu kecamatan di Kota Makassar dan dipilih dengan teknik purposive sampling. Pengumpulan data dilakukan menggunakan Skala Stres Pengasuhan (SSP) dan Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) yang diisi oleh ibu. Analisis data meliputi statistik deskriptif, uji normalitas Kolmogorov-Smirnov, uji linearitas, korelasi Product Moment Pearson, dan regresi linier sederhana dengan bantuan SPSS versi 25. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa data berdistribusi normal dan hubungan antarvariabel bersifat linier. Uji korelasi menunjukkan adanya hubungan positif dan signifikan antara stres pengasuhan ibu dan masalah kesehatan mental anak usia dini (r = 0,301; Sig. = 0,010). Hasil regresi linier sederhana menunjukkan bahwa stres pengasuhan ibu merupakan prediktor yang signifikan terhadap masalah kesehatan mental anak usia dini dengan kontribusi sebesar 9,0% (R Square = 0,090). Temuan ini menunjukkan bahwa semakin tinggi stres pengasuhan ibu, semakin tinggi pula masalah kesehatan mental anak usia dini. Dengan demikian, kondisi psikologis ibu perlu menjadi perhatian dalam upaya deteksi dini dan intervensi kesehatan mental anak.

This study explores the use of the metaphor “knowledge rooted in the heart” in a speech delivered by the Minister of Primary and Secondary Education, Abdul Mu'ti, at Pondok Pesantren Amanatul Ummah. Employing a pragmatic approach, the article examines how the metaphor functions within its communicative setting, what is being emphasized, how the message is oriented toward the audience, and which values are legitimized through specific linguistic choices. The phrase “knowledge in the heart” is interpreted not merely as a poetic expression, but as an insistence on the internalization of values in the educational process. From a pragmatic standpoint, the utterance carries normative force, inviting, advising, and reaffirming that knowledge should not remain confined to cognitive achievement but should develop into character. In another part of the speech, references to technology and artificial intelligence articulate a critical position, namely that technology should be mastered while human beings must remain in control rather than becoming dependent on it. The formulation of three qualities, knowledgeable, capable, and humble, signals an effort to integrate intellectual competence, practical skills, and moral integrity within a unified educational framework. The findings suggest that metaphor operates as a rhetorical device that strengthens moral messages, fosters emotional engagement with the audience, and underscores an educational orientation centered on cultivating knowledgeable and virtuous individuals. Therefore, the discourse functions not only informatively but also persuasively and ideologically in shaping a vision of future generations.

Underhand passing is a crucial foundation in volleyball, yet many students still struggle to achieve consistent accuracy. This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of wall-passing training compared to individual passing training in improving underhand passing accuracy at middle school 1 Pamboang. This research utilized a quasi-experimental design with a Two-Group Pretest–Posttest approach involving 20 students as the target population. Data was collected through passing accuracy tests before and after the treatment, which were then systematically tabulated and analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistical techniques. The results demonstrated that both training models made a significant positive contribution to improving students' abilities. The wall-passing training group recorded a substantial increase in average scores, rising from 10.50 during the pre-test to 18.90 in the post-test. Meanwhile, the individual passing training group also experienced an improvement, with mean scores increasing from 10.40 to 16.60. Although both methods were proven effective, descriptive data indicated that the wall-passing group achieved a higher final performance level than the individual passing group. These findings suggest that wall media is highly effective for building basic technical consistency and accuracy before students progress to more complex situational drills.

The evaluation of extreme rainfall events is crucial for the management and planning of water resources, particularly in the design of drainage systems and water storage reservoirs. Such evaluation can be carried out through the estimation of design rainfall, which is commonly represented as rainfall intensity–duration–frequency (IDF) data. The purpose of this study is not only to apply probabilistic models to annual maximum daily rainfall data but also to construct the IDF curves of rainfall in the Mamminasata region of South Sulawesi Province. This study utilizes annual maximum daily rainfall data obtained from the Water Resources, Human Settlements, Spatial Planning, and Development Office of South Sulawesi Province, as well as the Meteorology, Climatology, and Geophysics Agency (BMKG) of Indonesia. The dataset consists of observations from 8 rainfall stations in the Mamminasata region spanning 36 years, from 1989 to 2024. The methodology involves first determining the appropriate probability distribution for each rainfall station, followed by estimating rainfall intensity using the Mononobe method, and finally constructing the IDF curves based on the estimated design rainfall and rainfall intensities for different return periods. This study found that each regency or city within the Mamminasata region generally exhibits distinct rainfall probability distributions. This highlights the importance of evaluating multiple probabilistic models to appropriately characterize the variability and extremes rainfall pattern across different locations. Based on the IDF curve, the results indicate that the longer the rainfall duration, the lower the intensity. Likewise, the shorter the return period, the lower the corresponding intensity.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh leverage dan kualitas laba terhadap nilai perusahaan pada perusahaan teknologi yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia (BEI) periode 2021-2023. Variabel independen yang digunakan adalah Debt to Equity Ratio (DER) sebagai indikator leverage, dan Earnings Quality (EQR) sebagai intikator kualitas laba. Nilai Perusahaan digunakan sebagai variabel dependen. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah 47 perusahaan sub sektor teknologi yang terdaftar di BEI. Sampel penelitian dipilih menggunakan teknik purposive sampling, menghasilkan 13 perusahaan dengan total 42 laporan keuangan yang dianalisis. Data dianalisis menggunakan metode analisis regresi berganda, uji asumsi klasik, serta uji hipotesis (uji t dan uji F). Hasil penelitian yang telah dilakukan, diperoleh kesimpulan bahwa variabel Leverage memiliki nilai signifikansi positif, sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa leverage berpengaruh signifikan positif terhadap nilai perusahaan. Hal ini berarti semakin tinggi leverage yang dimiliki perusahaan, maka nilai perusahaan cenderung meningkat, selama penggunaan utang tersebut diarahkan untuk kegiatan yang produktif. Variabel Kualitas Laba memiliki nilai signifikansi, sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa kualitas laba berpengaruh signifikan negatif terhadap nilai perusahaan. Artinya, semakin tinggi kualitas laba, maka nilai perusahaan justru cenderung menurun, dengan asumsi variabel lain tetap (ceteris paribus). Hasil uji F menunjukkan nilai signifikan.

This study aims to analyze and find a model of the relationship between career maturity, self-actualization, and entrepreneurial mindset to entrepreneurial intentions among students of the Entrepreneurship Study Program, Faculty of Economics and Business, State University of Makassar. The technique used in this research is quantitative design with surveys. This research was carried out in the Entrepreneurship Study Program, Faculty of Economics and Business, State University of Makassar with a total of 420 students from 2020 to 2024. The determination of the 205 samples was carried out using proportional random samples. Data collection methods that use questionnaire tools are disseminated through Google Forms. Furthermore, the collected data was analyzed by the PLS SEM analysis method and SmartPLS analysis software version 4. The results of the research found that (1) career maturity and self-actualization have a favorable impact on entrepreneurial mindset, (2) career maturity and self-actualization have a favorable impact on entrepreneurial intentions, (3) entrepreneurial mindset has a favorable impact on entrepreneurial intentions, and (4) career maturity and self-actualization have a beneficial impact on entrepreneurial intentions through entrepreneurial mindset.