State University of New York at Oswego

In southern Maine, USA, coexisting granite and migmatite are demonstrated to reflect separate, distinct, episodes of crustal melting. The crystallization of a complex of migmatite and granite at c . 376 Ma contrasts with younger granite plutonism at c . 300 Ma that featured the intrusion of the two-mica granite of the Sebago pluton. Migmatites in this area preserve evidence of both widespread granitic melt loss and local retention of fractionated melt. These rocks record deformation coincident with crystallization and, later at subsolidus conditions in the east, much of which is associated with the Norumbega shear zone system. The Sebago pluton is shown to be far smaller than is indicated on existing maps. Among widespread granite in the complex that surrounds the pluton, some are Permian (Sebago-age, undeformed) and others formed contemporaneously with migmatite, c . 100 Ma earlier (and later deformed). Although geochemically distinct, the differing granites are largely indistinguishable in the field. Radiogenic isotopes point to primary source components from circum-Gondwanan (i.e., Gander) crustal sources and leave little room for essential mantle source involvement for any of the granitic rocks.

As artificial intelligence (AI) becomes increasingly integrated into healthcare decision-making, concerns arise regarding deference to AI systems. While existing discussions highlight issues such as the opacity of AI outputs and responsibility gaps, this paper introduces a new concern: the impact of deference to AI on decision ownership among healthcare professionals. I argue that reliance on AI can lead to a diminished sense of ownership over decisions based on AI-generated outputs. This consequence is problematic, as a strong sense of decision ownership is essential for ensuring high quality patient care. I recommend that this concern be taken into consideration when implementing the use of AI in healthcare contexts. To address the concern, training and policies should discourage healthcare professionals from simply deferring to AI. Instead, we should encourage such professionals to treat AI as merely an assistive tool, which complements rather than replaces their expertise. Whenever there is any doubt or lack of understanding associated with an AI output, further measures must be taken before a decision is made.

Indigoidine is a blue pigment synthesized by several bacteria, including Vogesella indigofera. Industrial production of indigoidine has been a research focus, but less is known about why bacteria make this pigment or how its biosynthesis is regulated. We isolated V. indigofera strain OSW_575 and investigated the basis for its indigoidine production using genomic and genetic approaches. Mutation of the indigoidine synthase gene igiD eliminated pigment production, and complementation restored it. A transposon mutagenesis screen uncovered 34 mutations across 20 genes that affect pigment production, including some involved in metabolism, translation, protein homeostasis, and regulation. Three chaperones that combat misfolded proteins, dnaK, dnaJ, and grpE, were required for indigoidine production, while mutations affecting the clpAP proteasome resulted in hyperpigmentation. These results are consistent with prior studies and suggest a role for the protein homeostasis system in regulating indigoidine. We also found that the alternative sigma factor rpoN contributes to indigoidine production. Finally, one transposon mutation affected a predicted sensor histidine kinase, which we dub tciK. Our genetic characterization of tciK and its cognate response regulator tciR suggests that they function in the same pathway to regulate indigoidine. TciR is of interest due to its non-canonical domain architecture that combines an N-terminal REC domain and C-terminal RsbW-like anti-sigma factor domain. Further investigation of this system may reveal novel regulatory mechanisms. To our knowledge, this is the first study to employ genetic tools in V. indigofera, and we propose it as a useful experimental system for studying the regulation and function of indigoidine.IMPORTANCEDespite being known to science for more than a century, Vogesella indigofera has been the focus of few studies. We isolated a strain of this bacterium, sequenced its genome, and investigated which genes contribute to its production of the blue pigment indigoidine. We found that mutations in genes involved in metabolism, protein homeostasis, and regulation can affect pigment production. One locus required for indigoidine production encodes a novel two-component regulation system. We conducted a preliminary genetic characterization of this system, which includes a non-canonical response regulator. Based on the results, we propose our strain as a model organism for studying indigoidine production and regulation.

ABSTRACT This case examines the SEC’s use of data analytics through their Earnings Per Share (EPS) Initiative to identify companies for investigation of possible earnings management. In this case, we describe the six companies that have been charged with earnings management under the EPS Initiative. The primary case objectives are to (1) identify why companies engage in earnings management, understand the importance of transparency, and evaluate the adequacy of SEC penalties; (2) use t-statistic results to evaluate discretionary accruals; (3) use a 10-Q to form an explanation for a decrease in company earnings; and (4) assess and discuss challenges that may occur when using prior period information for analytical procedures. This case is most applicable for implementation in intermediate accounting, auditing, and data analytics courses. Data Availability: Data are available from the sources cited in the text.

• Nudging grounded in Evolutionary Psychology was applied to promote carbon neutrality. • The effects were analyzed using >15,000 responses from four countries. • Moderating perceived risks of climate change was successful in most cases. • Only Canada, recently hit by wildfires, showed a positive effect in willingness to pay. Climate change countermeasures require monetary investment for implementation through regulations, often in the form of public taxes. Therefore, public opinion on climate change is an important factor in achieving carbon neutrality (CN). How public perception is formed, leading to motivation to fund measures for CN, needs to be identified. This study aimed to identify the causal structures of attitude change leading to financial investment through two surveys in multiple countries using nudging messages emphasizing familial support (familial nudging), which is effective in promoting pro-environmental attitudes. Study 1 (2023) examined how familial nudging moderates risk-averse attitudes toward climate change. Despite successful overall nudging effects, no increase in willingness to pay for CN was observed. Causality analysis showed that willingness to pay for CN was influenced by perceived risks to oneself and future generations. Based on these findings, Study 2 (2024) introduced modified familial nudging, emphasizing milder climate risks for the current generation, but more severe climate risks for future generations, such as wildfires. The new nudging message unexpectedly increased the perceived risks to the current generation, and no positive impact on willingness to pay was observed. The exception was Canada, as respondents showed non-negative responses and significant increases compared to the other messages. The Canadian wildfire in 2023 may have influenced the perceived necessity of CN countermeasures. These findings highlight the challenge of nudging perceived impacts on current and future generations, separately simultaneously. Meanwhile, recent natural disasters may effectively moderate the decreased financial motivation for CN, regardless of familial support.

Dataficação não é somente a criação de informações, o que, de uma maneira, seres humanos têm feito desde a criação dos símbolos e da escrita. Mais exatamente, a dataficação é um fenômeno contemporâneo que se refere à quantificação da vida humana através de informação digital, muito frequentemente para a criação de valor econômico. Esse processo tem grandes consequências sociais. Disciplinas como a economia política, os estudos críticos de dados, os estudos de software, a teoria jurídica e — mais recentemente — a teoria decolonial, têm considerado diferentes aspectos dessas consequências como importantes. Fundamental para todas essas abordagens é a análise da interseção entre poder e conhecimento.

Coffee agroecosystems represent the economic base for thousands of small growers and agricultural workers, as well as a significant proportion of many regional economies in Latin America. Every year, the production of coffee in this region attracts a great number of laborers and their families, particularly during the harvest season. Despite being essential workers in the food system, agricultural workers continue to be one of the most marginalized actors in the coffee production chain. Even with an environment of precarity, agricultural workers exercise their autonomy and food sovereignty—the process by which agricultural workers, in this case, define their food system and procure culturally appropriate foods. We examine the relationship between agrobiodiversity, knowledge, and food sovereignty in the context of plantation agriculture. Through walking interviews and participant observation with groups of farmworkers in one shade-grown coffee plantation, which is socioeconomically reflective of plantation structures in the region, we discuss how farmworkers practice their autonomy and food sovereignty through plant foraging, collective cooking, knowledge sharing, and gardening. Our results reveal extensive farmworker knowledge of and uses for associated agrobiodiversity within coffee plantations—a dimension often overlooked in agrobiodiversity studies. We place examples of practicing food sovereignty, including foraging and agrobiodiversity conservation, in conversation with challenges associated with the working conditions and precarity of migrant farmworkers: urbanization, increased migration to the United States, the increased use of herbicides, and possible effects of climate change and generational knowledge gaps on plant diversity and availability. We argue that food—deeply tied to place—and agrobiodiversity is an avenue to maintain autonomy, identity, and sovereignty amid unjust conditions of the plantation system. Finally, we suggest that complex agroecological knowledge held by migrants promotes and conserves agrobiodiversity in coffee landscapes.

The use of acoustic telemetry is steadily expanding to help answer questions related to habitat use, movement, and behavior of fishes. Significant time and resources are invested to start acoustic telemetry studies; therefore, careful planning is needed to limit post-release mortality of tagged individuals. Deep, cold-water species present additional challenges to acoustic tagging because of changes in temperature and pressure experienced during capture. The objective of our study was to determine if capture method, surface water temperature, water depth, or fish size influenced short-term post-release survival of a deep, cold-water species, Lake Trout Salvelinus namaycush . In 2023, 299 Lake Trout were captured with angling or gillnets across Lake Ontario (Laurentian Great Lake – U.S. & CAN) and surgically implanted with acoustic transmitters. We estimated 30-day post-release mortality and 24-h post-release distance traveled for tagged Lake Trout. We used Cox proportional hazards models to identify factors affecting survival probability and multiple linear regression to identify factors affecting post-release distance traveled. Thirty-day post-release mortality was minimal (9.03 %, 27/299 Lake Trout); however, mortality was 6.37 times more likely for Lake Trout captured in gillnets compare to angling ( p = 0.003). Lake Trout length had a marginally significant effect on mortality ( p = 0.052) but capture depth and temperature did not ( p > 0.05). Lake Trout post-release distance traveled was not significantly influenced by capture gear, depth, temperature, or Lake Trout length ( p = 0.61). Our results indicate that tagging-induced post-release mortality is minimal for Lake Trout tagged in the spring, but survival can be increased by avoiding use of gillnets.

Advanced three-dimensional extended reality (XR) technologies are highly suitable for cultural heritage research and education. XR tools enable the creation of realistic virtual or augmented reality applications for curating and disseminating information about cultural artifacts and sites. Developing XR applications for cultural heritage requires interdisciplinary collaboration involving strong teamwork and soft skills to manage user requirements, system specifications, and design cycles. Given the diverse end-users, achieving high precision, accuracy, and efficiency in information management and user experience is crucial. Human–computer interaction (HCI) design and evaluation methods are essential for ensuring usability and return on investment. This article presents ten case studies of cultural heritage software projects, illustrating the interdisciplinary work between computer science and HCI design. Students from institutions such as the State University of New York (USA), Glasgow School of Art (UK), University of Granada (Spain), University of Málaga (Spain), Duy Tan University (Vietnam), Imperial College London (UK), Research University Institute of Communication & Computer Systems (Greece), Technical University of Košice (Slovakia), and Indiana University (USA) contributed to creating, assessing, and improving the usability of these diverse cultural heritage applications. The results include a structured typology of CH XR application scenarios, detailed insights into design and evaluation practices across ten international use cases, and a development framework that supports interdisciplinary collaboration and stakeholder integration in phygital cultural heritage projects.