State University of Semarang

Career decision-making challenges remain a critical issue in vocational education, particularly at the secondary level, where many students choose majors that do not align with their interests and abilities. This condition highlights the need for early career guidance to help students map their career paths and develop their competencies appropriately. This study aims to develop a vocational career guidance module for Social Work students; to determine the validity of the module based on expert evaluation; to analyze the validity and reliability of the test instruments; and to examine the effectiveness, efficiency, practicality, and implementability of the module. This research employed the ADDIE R&D model involving 60 tenth-grade students of SMK Negeri 5 Samarinda, divided into experimental and control groups. The results indicate that the module is highly feasible, with material expert validation at 94% and media expert validation at 91%. The test instrument demonstrates strong quality, with 30 of 33 items deemed valid and a Cronbach’s Alpha reliability of 0.925. The module is proven to be highly effective (91.6%), efficient (89.6%), and practical (93.8%), with an implementation rate of 86%. In addition, teacher and student responses reached 90.8% (excellent category). Statistical analysis confirms significant improvement in students’ career decision-making skills, with tcount = 13.396 > ttable = 2.002, Sig. = 0.000, and an N-gain score of 0.72964 (high category). These results show that the developed module effectively enhances the career decision-making skills of Social Work vocational students.

This study presents the numerical implementation of the Black-Scholes interval model for determining the price of European call options under parameter uncertainty. Unlike the classic Black-Scholes model, which assumes fixed volatility and risk-free interest rates, this study represents both parameters as limited intervals constructed based on historical data. Daily stock closing prices obtained from Yahoo Finance and risk-free interest rate data from the Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis were used to define the parameter ranges. The interval Black-Scholes model was discretized in the asset price and time domains and solved numerically by formulating an optimization problem that minimizes the residual error of the interval partial differential equation with terminal payoff constraints. The numerical solution produces lower and upper bounds for option prices in the specified domain. Simulation results show that classic Black-Scholes option prices lie within the calculated interval price bounds, demonstrating numerical consistency between the deterministic and interval formulations.This study provides a structured numerical case study showing how the Black-Scholes interval model can be implemented to generate option price bounds under bounded parameter uncertainty

A straightforward synthetic approach was employed to fabricate TiO₂–g-C₃N₄ (denoted as T-g-CN) composites and investigate their photocatalytic performance during the degradation of methylene blue. In this method, technical-grade urea, used as a precursor for graphitic carbon nitride (g-C₃N₄), was introduced into a TiO₂ suspension immediately after the hydrothermal treatment (conducted at 180 °C for 3 h). The synthesis was finalized by 30 min of sonication, followed by calcination at 500 °C for 2 h. Three T-g-CN composites were prepared with varying TiO₂/g-C₃N₄ mass ratios of 1:2, 1:3, and 1:4, labelled as T-g-CNA, T-g-CNB, and T-g-CNC, respectively. The physicochemical properties of the resulting composites were characterized using FTIR, XRD, UV–Vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS), N₂ adsorption–desorption, TEM, and XPS. FTIR analysis revealed a shift in the characteristic triazine ring vibration of g-C₃N₄ from 810 cm −1 to 806 cm −1 in the T-g-CN composites, suggesting interfacial interaction between TiO₂ and g-C₃N₄. The XRD patterns confirmed the anatase phase of TiO₂, with the most intense peak corresponding to the (200) plane, while the g-C₃N₄ spectrum exhibited signatures of stacked aromatic layers and repeating triazine units. Notably, the T-g-CN composite displayed a reduced band gap of about 2.64–2.72 eV, reflecting an enhanced visible-light absorption. The Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) specific surface area of the composites ranged from 27.43 to 31.06 m 2 /g, with T-g-CNB exhibiting the highest value (31.06 m 2 /g). Among all samples, T-g-CNC demonstrated the best photocatalytic efficiency, achieving 95% degradation of methylene blue within 100 min under combined LED and UV irradiation. Furthermore, the T-g-CNC composite maintained its catalytic performance over three consecutive reuse cycles, highlighting its stability and reusability. • The formation of TiO 2 -g-C 3 N 4 was performed through an in-situ method • TiO₂ nanorods integrated into g-C 3 N 4 during urea polymerization. • The composites show heterojunction with lower band gap than g-C 3 N 4 or TiO 2 pristine • The heterojunction type II confirmed by DR-UV, XPS, and FT-IR.

Vocational High Schools (SMK) have a strategic role in preparing students to be ready to compete in the world of work through mastery of technical skills and understanding of industry concepts. In the Fashion Skills Program, one of the important materials in the Preparation element of Fashion Making Preparation phase F is the creation of blouse patterns. Learning this material is generally rarely found in the form of E-comics. Therefore, this study aims to assess the feasibility of E-comic learning media in the material for making blouse pattern phase F. This study uses a quantitative descriptive method. The feasibility of E-comics is assessed by material experts and media experts using instruments that have been proven to be valid and reliable. The data was analyzed using a percentage descriptive technique to determine the level of media feasibility based on the criteria that had been set. The results showed that E-comics made blouse patterns obtained a feasibility percentage of 91.1% from material experts and 88.8% from media experts, which is included in the "Very Feasible" category.

Deep learning in the context of collaboration has been implemented in grade ten at SMA Negeri 12 Semarang, specifically in the Pancasila education subject. However, its implementation has not been evenly distributed, as indicated by the presence of passive students and their limited contributions in group work. Encourage the necessity of an in-depth understanding of the teachers’ perspective as learning implementers. This study aims to explore the perspective of Pancasila education teachers on deep learning in the collaboration dimension and the teachers' endeavors to overcome these challenges. Using a qualitative approach with a case study design, the data were collected through observation, interviews, and documentation. The results of the study indicate that teachers perceive deep learning as an instructional approach that connects learning materials through collaborative activities. Teachers implement strategies such as role distribution, group management, and monitoring of collaborative processes to encourage student participation. The implementation of this learning approach must be supported by the availability of learning facilities and teacher training provided by the school. These findings highlight that the perspectives of Pancasila education teachers play a crucial role in optimizing deep learning within the collaboration dimension at SMA Negeri 12 Semarang.

Learning elements in the Basic Fashion Skills Phase E requires contextual and visual digital media. This study aims to test the feasibility of flipbook media as an alternative to interactive learning in the Industrial World and Fashion Development of SMK Negeri 6 Semarang through a quantitative descriptive method. Validation is carried out by material experts and media experts using instruments that have been tested for validity which include aspects of material, language, graphics, and the presentation of material in the media. The results of the analysis with the percentage descriptive analysis technique showed that the feasibility score of material experts was 88.75% and media experts 91.22%, both of which met the criteria of being very feasible This Flipbook has the potential to be optimal as a supporting medium for vocational learning in fashion after revision, although its effectiveness on student motivation and learning outcomes requires further field trials.

This study aims to examine the relationship between the use of the Ibis Paint X application and the motivation to learn to design fashion at SMK Negeri 1 Salatiga. This research is a quantitative approach research with a correlational design. The population in this study is all students of class XI fashion at SMK Negeri 1 Salatiga which totals 71 students, and the sample in this study uses total sampling, The sampling technique uses total sampling, namely making the population as a sample, there is a total sampling because the population is less than 100. The data collection technique used a Likert scale questionnaire. The data in this study were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Hypothesis test using Pearson correlation. The results of the study obtained that there was a significant relationship between the use of the Ibis Paint X application and the motivation to learn to design the fashion of grade XI students, the fashion show had a pearson correlation coefficient value of 0.559 and a significance value (sig. 2-tailed) of 0.000. This shows that there is a relationship between the use of the Ibis Paint X application and the motivation to learn to design fashion in grade XI students of fashion at SMK Negeri 1 Salatiga with the correlation category being.

Abstract. Wahidah BF, Khasanah R, Husain F. 2026. Anatomical traits and economic potential of Amorphophallus variabilis and conservation implications in Selo Arjuno Forest, Central Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 27 (2): d270213. https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d270213. Amorphophallus variabilis is rarely utilized or studied despite its ecological and economic value. This study aimed to identify its anatomical characteristics, secretory structure, and the distribution of ergastic substances in its organs, including assessing their implications for conservation and local economic development. The study was conducted in Selo Arjuno Forest, Kendal District, Central Java, Indonesia. Anatomical slides from six mature individuals were prepared with paraffin methods and examined under a light microscope. Socio-economic data were collected through in-depth interviews. All data were analysed descriptively. The results showed that tubers are the primary storage organs, with a very high starch granule content (±8400/mm²), far exceeding those in petioles (±25/mm²) and leaf blades (±71/mm²). Sand and druse calcium oxalate crystals dominate tubers, contributing to stress tolerance. Tannin distribution is organ-specific, namely schizogenous cavities are more abundant in petioles, while idioblasts occur more frequently in tubers. Interviews indicate that A. variabilis is rarely cultivated, although its glucomannan-rich tubers have strong potential for functional food and health products. These findings highlight the importance of functional anatomy for conservation planning. In situ conservation and community-based ex situ cultivation can support sustainable management while creating utilization opportunities that enhance local livelihoods.

Cow rumen waste (CRW), a slaughterhouse by-product rich in lignocellulose, can be directly converted into bioethanol without harsh chemical pretreatment or additional microbial inocula. In this study, we developed an integrated enzymatic hydrolysis and fermentation process to produce bioethanol from CRW using Viscozyme Cassava CL and Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Key process parameters for enzymatic hydrolysis (enzyme concentration, pH, and substrate loading) were optimized, with 3 wt% enzyme at pH 5.0 and 50 g L− 1 CRW yielding the highest glucose release. The enzymatic hydrolysate was then fermented by S. cerevisiae under optimal conditions (inoculum 3 wt%, 30–35 °C, pH 5.0), producing an ethanol concentration of 4.79 g L− 1 with negligible residual sugar. These results demonstrate the feasibility of one-pot conversion of CRW to bioethanol. The novel enzyme-assisted process is scalable and low-cost, offering a sustainable strategy to valorize slaughterhouse waste into renewable bioethanol.

This study examines cultural interference in Indonesian folktale writing in Japanese produced by university-level learners of Japanese as a foreign language. The research aims to identify patterns of cultural interference and to describe how Indonesian cultural concepts are transferred, adapted, or inadequately represented in Japanese narrative texts. Employing a qualitative descriptive approach, the study analyzes 39 folktales written by Indonesian students at intermediate to upper-intermediate proficiency levels. The data were analyzed at lexical, grammatical, and discourse levels using contrastive analysis, error analysis, interlanguage analysis, and contrastive rhetoric. The findings reveal that cultural interference occurs consistently across all texts. Lexical interference is reflected in inappropriate word choice and the use of culturally bound terms without adequate adaptation. Grammatical interference appears in inconsistent sentence-final forms, inaccurate tense and aspect marking, and frequent misuse or omission of particles. At the discourse level, interference manifests through abrupt subject shifts, non-natural sentence structures, and insufficient contextual introduction of characters and settings, which disrupt narrative coherence. The study demonstrates that cultural interference in foreign language writing extends beyond linguistic error and represents learners’ ongoing intercultural negotiation. The findings highlight the importance of integrating cultural discourse awareness into Japanese language writing instruction, particularly in narrative-based learning contexts.