Does Public Attention Raise Executives’ Biodiversity Awareness? Evidence from Conference Calls in Europe
Climate change and biodiversity loss are widely recognized as the two most pressing environmental challenges of our era. Yet, while climate change has spurred extensive corporate attention and concrete action, biodiversity loss remains comparatively neglected in business agendas despite its profound ecological and economic implications. This paper investigates whether public attention to biodiversity risk can raise corporate executives’ awareness of this issue. Using a dataset of 49,516 conference call transcripts from 1,938 European-listed firms between 2012 and 2023, we examine the presence, content, and tone of biodiversity-related discussions as a proxy for executive awareness. Public attention is measured through country-level Google search volumes for “biodiversity” (and its linguistic equivalents), complemented by alternative measures such as the New York Times biodiversity news index.We find a significantly positive association between public attention and the likelihood that executives discuss biodiversity during conference calls. These results are robust to controls for climate-related attention, natural disasters, and potential endogeneity addressed through instrumental variable estimations. Moreover, heightened public attention reduces executives’ reliance on symbolic or vague biodiversity statements, suggesting a shift toward more substantive communication under greater scrutiny. Cross-sectional analyses show that the effect of public attention is more pronounced among profitable firms, firms in resource-intensive industries, and firms adopting sustainability practices such as the Global Reporting Initiative (GRI) or external assurance of sustainability reports.However, we find no evidence that increased biodiversity awareness translates into tangible corporate actions, such as adjustments in capital expenditures, operating expenses, or SG&A costs. Nor does heightened biodiversity attention spill over to broader environmental discussions; instead, biodiversity discourse appears to substitute for other environmental topics within the time constraints of earnings calls.Overall, our results underscore the crucial but limited role of public attention: while it raises executives’ awareness and enhances the quality of biodiversity-related communication, it does not by itself drive corporate investment in biodiversity protection. This highlights both the potential and the limitations of public attention as a governance mechanism, pointing to the need for complementary regulatory and institutional measures to translate awareness into action.
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