Swedish Chemicals Agency

Abstract INTRODUCTION Primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) is an aggressive malignancy affecting central nervous system (CNS). In treatment, blood-brain barrier (BBB) sets a challenge for chemoterapeutic penetration to CNS. A cornerstone of treatment is high-dose metotrexate (HD-MTX) combined with other immunochemotherapeutic agents. Currently, in many European countries, a standard care has been HD-MTX based immunochemotherapy combination (MATRIx). Autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) and radiotherapy have been used as consolidation therapy. Few centers in the world, like Oulu University Hospital in Finland, have also used blood-brain barrier disruption (BBBD) based treatment. In BBBD, the BBB is first opened with intra-arterial mannitol and chemotherapeutic agents are infused directly to cerebral arteries, enabling significantly higher drug concentrations in the CNS. Aim of this study was to compare treatment outcomes of MATRIx and BBBD treated real-life patients. MATERIAL AND METHODS Data were collected retrospectively from eight Finnish hospitals. Total of 82 PCNSL patients treated with MATRIx (37) and BBBD (45) were included. Secondary lymphomas were excluded. MATRIx therapy was given per protocol. BBBD therapy contained five chemotherapeutic agents (HD-MTX, cytarabine, carboplatin, cyclophosphamide and etoposide) with rituximab. Some patients received ASCT as consolidation therapy. RESULTS Patients’ median age for MATRIx was 69 years and for BBBD 63 years. Respective median WHO performance status classifications were 1 and 2. Two-year and five-year progression-free survival rates for MATRIx were 47% and 39%. Respective rates for BBBD were 79% and 69% (P=0.002). Two-year and five-year overall survival rates for MATRIx were 49% and 42%, and respective rates for BBBD were 80% and 70% (P=0.002). Five-year disease-spesific survival rate for MATRIx was 54% and for BBBD it was 76% (P=0.021). CONCLUSIONS This retrospective real-life study reports better survival of PCNSL patients with BBBD therapy compared to MATRIx therapy in terms of progression-free survival, overall survival, and disease-spesific survival.

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic type-2 inflammatory skin disease characterized by eczema and epithelial barrier dysfunction. Along with the type-2 cytokines IL-4 and IL-13, IL-22 contributes to AD pathogenesis. To date, most skin studies rely on reconstructed keratinocytes, which do not represent the real skin response. Here, we report the distinct effects of IL-4, IL-13, and IL-22 on bio-stabilized human skin with intact barriers and immune cells. Spatial transcriptomics on AD-lesions and non-lesional skin was performed. Exvivo skin barrier integrity was evaluated using electrical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), RNA-sequencing, and untargeted proteomics, complemented by analyses of skin biopsies from dupilumab-treated AD patients. Spatial transcriptomics demonstrated that AD lesions showed reduced expression of key barrier genes, including CLDN1, FLG, and FLG2. IL-4, IL-13, and IL-22 disrupted the skin barrier in the exvivo human skin. Combining type-2 cytokines and IL-22 alone downregulated genes critical for barrier function and keratinization. In addition, IL-4 and IL-13 downregulated antimicrobial peptides, while IL-22 upregulated them. Interestingly, IL-4 and IL-13 reduced IL-22Rα1, and IL-22 upregulated IL-4Rα, suggesting immune cross-regulation. Proteomic analysis confirmed that all three cytokines (IL-4, IL-13, and IL-22) reduced the expression of key skin barrier proteins, particularly filaggrin and claudin-1. Dupilumab treatment of AD patients for 3 months restored IL-4/IL-13-dysregulated genes, whereas it had limited effect on IL22-associated pathways. This comprehensive study provides insights into the distinct immune profiles following IL-4, IL-13, and IL-22 stimulation on human skin, highlighting their complex interplay in disrupting skin barrier function and modulating innate immune responses.

Eye contact is a crucial aspect of social interaction, conveying social cues based on the direction of one's gaze. Perceiving eye contact affects behavior and social processing. The widespread use of remote video conferencing technologies impacts these social cues, because most technologies do not support natural eye contact. We consider the question of how to best achieve the perception of eye contact when a person is captured by a camera and then rendered on a two-dimensional display. To test this, 17 participants were asked to rate whether 3 actors, photographed while looking at different vertical locations, were making eye contract (yes–no analysis), or were looking up or down (up–down analysis). We quantitatively assessed the gaze direction required to optimize the perception of eye contact with the camera lens. Contrary to conventional wisdom, which suggests looking directly into the camera leads to the perception of eye contact, results from both the yes–no and the up–down analyses showed that it is preferable to look approximately 2° below the camera lens. These results provide a surprising answer to the question of where to look to convey an impression of eye contact in screen-mediated interactions.

IntroductionPrenatal unipolar depression is a significant mental health challenge affecting a considerable number of pregnant women worldwide, with higher prevalence rates in developing regions. Due to the potential risks of antidepressant medications on fetal health, there is an increasing need for safe, non-pharmacological treatments. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) has emerged as a promising neuromodulation therapy, offering a non-invasive approach to treating depression. This systematic review explores the efficacy and safety of rTMS in addressing prenatal depression, aiming to provide evidence for its potential as an alternative therapy for this vulnerable population.ObjectivesThe primary objective of this review was to assess the therapeutic effectiveness and safety profile of rTMS in treating unipolar depression among pregnant women. The secondary aim was to identify gaps in the current literature and provide recommendations for future research to strengthen clinical guidelines for rTMS use during pregnancy.MethodsA comprehensive search was conducted using the PubMed database without a time restriction, focusing on case reports, case series, uncontrolled studies, and randomized controlled trials that examined rTMS for prenatal depression. Inclusion criteria required studies to involve adult pregnant women diagnosed with major depressive disorder undergoing rTMS treatment. Data on depressive symptom improvements and any adverse effects on both mother and fetus were extracted for analysis.ResultsAnalysis of ten studies, including six case reports/series, three uncontrolled studies, and one randomized controlled trial, indicated that rTMS was well-tolerated by pregnant women and showed effectiveness in reducing depressive symptoms. Notably, no adverse effects were observed in fetal outcomes across these studies. Symptom improvement was significant, with high patient satisfaction reported, yet the limited sample sizes and variations in methodology underscore the need for more robust trials.Image:Image 2:ConclusionsThe findings from this review suggest that rTMS is a promising, non-invasive alternative for managing prenatal depression with minimal fetal risk. However, due to the limited number of high-quality studies, further research is necessary to confirm these preliminary findings and establish standardized protocols for rTMS use in prenatal depression treatment. Expanding the evidence base will support the development of safe, effective treatment options tailored to the unique needs of expectant mothers facing depression.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared

7. mednarodna konferenca o tehnologijah in poslovnih modelih za krožno gospodarstvo: zbornik konference. Fakulteta za kemijo in kemijsko tehnologijo Univerze v Mariboru je v sodelovanju s Strateško razvojno-inovacijskim partnerstvom – Mreže za prehod v krožno gospodarstvo (SRIP – Krožno gospodarstvo), s katerim upravlja Štajerska gospodarska zbornica, organizirala 7. mednarodno znanstvenoraziskovalno, strokovno in razvojno konferenco Tehnologije in poslovni modeli za krožno gospodarstvo (Technologies & Business Models for Circular Economy; TBMCE), ki je potekala od 4. do 6. septembra 2024 v Grand hotelu Bernardin. Teme TBMCE 2024 so zajemale aktualna vprašanja tehnološkega razvoja in odgovornosti družbe na njeni razvojni poti k bolj odgovornemu, krožnemu ravnanju z viri. Konferenčni program je vključeval okroglo mizo z naslovom Prehod v krožno gospodarstvo v Jugovzhodni Evropi, 5 panelnih diskusij, plenarno in 2 uvodni predavanji, ustna predavanja in predstavitve v obliki posterjev. Dogodek je potekal pod pokroviteljstvom Ministrstva za gospodarstvo, turizem in šport in Ministrstva za kohezijo in regionalni razvoj. Kot soorganizatorji so se nam pridružili EIT RawMaterials RIS središča Adria in SPIRIT Slovenija ter Pomurski tehnološki park v sklopu projektov GREENE 4.0 in CI-Hub.

Berbicara pendidikan Islam modern khususnya di Indonesia, maka seyogyanya tidak akan melewati bab tentang Haji Rasul dan lembaga pendidikan yang didirikannya. Sebab di tengah kungkungan pola pendidikan konvensional pada pra dan awal kemerdekaan, beliau dengan Sumatra Thawalib-nya menjadi pelopor yang membawa angin segar dan menjadi tonggak lahirnya pendidikan modern pada perjalanan pendidikan Islam selanjutnya. Sumatra Thawalib yang mulanya adalah institusi pendidikan tradisional yang menerapkan pola pendidikan dan kurikulum yang masih tergolong konvensional, mampu digubah oleh Haji Rasul menjadi sebuah institusi pendidikan modern yang dikelola secara professional oleh komite sekolah, tidak lagi menjadi milik individu. Pola pembelajaran yang awalnya berbentuk halaqah seperti umumnya ditemukan pada lembaga-lembaga pendidikan tradisional, dirombak dengan menerapkan pola pembelajaran yang menggunakan sistim kelas untuk penjenjangan dan pembedaan materi pembelajaran. Tulisan ini, berupaya untuk mengupas kembali gagasan-gagasan pendidikan Islam Haji Rasul sehingga mendorong berdirinya Sumatra Thawalib di Minangkabau. Apa saja yang melatarbelakangi dan mempengaruhi konsep pemikiran pendidikan beliau, serta bagaiman pola pembelajaran dan organisasi sekolah yang diterapkan di Sumtra Thawalib, menjadi titik sentral pembahasan tulisan ini.

Introduction:The Novel Integrated Toolkit for Enhanced Pre-Hospital Life Support and Triage in Challenging and Large Emergencies (NIGHTINGALE) project was awarded to a consortium to design an innovative toolkit featuring different technological solutions for prehospital mass casualty incident (MCI) response. Translational science (T) methodology was undertaken to develop evidence-based guidelines for MCI response.Method:The consortium was divided into three work groups (WGs) MCI Triage, Prehospital Life Support and Damage Control and Prehospital Processes. Each WG previously collected data through the project T1 scoping review stage to provide the foundation for the initial T2 modified Delphi draft statements to present to WG internal focus groups for content and NIGHTINGALE study objectives. Their refined statements proceeded to WG specific external focus groups for further editing to be clear and concise for the following modified Delphi consensus rounds. Final WG statements were presented to modified Delphi experts for their consensus using the STAT59 platform with instruction to rank each statement on a seven-point linear numeric scale, where 1 = disagree and 7 = agree. Consensus amongst experts was defined as a standard deviation ≤1.0.Results:After three modified Delphi rounds, 18 of 24 statements attained consensus by the MCI Triage experts, eight of 25 by the Prehospital and Life Support and Damage Control experts, and 23 of 28 by the Prehospital Processes experts.Conclusion:The three work groups will utilize consensus statements during the NIGHTINGALE project T3 phase to create evidence-based MCI response guidelines.

The initial goal of establishing a Village Owned Enterprise (BUMDes) is intended to encourage or accommodate all activities to increase community income. The management of BUMDes Ijen Lestari in the economic and social fields has a positive impact on the village economy. The purpose of this study was to determine the economic and social impact of the Kembang Setanjung Village-Owned Enterprise (BUMDes) on the welfare of the people of Tanjung Medan Village. The research approach used is a quantitative approach to the type of descriptive research. The research instruments used were observation, interviews and questionnaires. The subjects of this study were the village head of Tanjung Medan, the director of BUMDes Syariah Kembang Setanjung and the Tanjung Medan Village Community. Data analysis technique using IBM SPSS 23 software using multiple linear regression with a significance level of 5%. As for the number of samples of this study as the object of research as many as 200 respondents. The results of the study show that first, the economic impact of the Kembang Setanjung Village Owned Enterprise (BUMDes) on the welfare of the people of Tanjung Medan Village has a with a calculated significance value of 0.032 and less than 0.05 and t count (2.212) > t table (1.6787) which means that the economic hypothesis has a significant influence on social welfare is accepted. Second, the social impact of the Kembang Setanjung Syariah Village Owned Enterprise (BUMDes) on the Welfare of the Community of Tanjung Medan Village has an effect with a calculated significance value of 0.000 and smaller than 0.05 and t count (5.811 > t table (1.6787) which means that the social hypothesis has an influence significantly to the Welfare of society is accepted.