Systèmes d'Information à Référence Spatiale (France)

Abstract. The Pyrenean Platform for Observation of the Atmosphere (P2OA) is a coupled plain–mountain instrumented platform in southwestern France. It is composed of two physical sites: the “Pic du Midi” mountaintop observatory (2877 m a.s.l.) and the “Centre de Recherches Atmosphériques” (600 m a.s.l). Both sites are complementarily instrumented for the monitoring of climate-relevant variables and the study of meteorological processes in a mountainous region. The scientific topics covered by P2OA include surface–atmosphere interactions in heterogeneous landscapes and complex terrain, the physics and chemistry of atmospheric trace species at a large scale, the influence of local- and regional-scale emissions and transport on the atmospheric composition, and transient luminous events above thunderstorms. With a large number of instruments and a high hosting capacity, P2OA contributes to atmospheric sciences through (i) building long-term series of atmospheric observations, (ii) hosting experimental field campaigns and instrumental tests, and (iii) educational training in atmospheric observation techniques. In this context, P2OA is part of the French component of the Aerosol, Clouds and Trace Gases Research Infrastructure (ACTRIS-Fr) and also contributes to the Integrated Carbon Observation System (ICOS) research infrastructure and to several European or international networks. Here, we present the complete instrumentation of P2OA and the associated datasets, give a meteorological characterization of the platform, and illustrate the potential of P2OA and its dataset with past or ongoing studies and projects.

We propose in the this contribution a satellite-based method for regional assessment of the Palmer-type index of groundwater drought severity (GDSI) at monthly time scale in the North-Western Sahara Aquifer System (NWSAS). The proposed method is based on groundwater storage anomalies derived from GRACE satellites (Gravity Recovery And Climate Experiment) and GRACE Follow On (GRACE-FO) observations, combined with global hydrological models. We have applied an efficient strategy to estimate a (1°x1°) grid-cells time-series of GGDI (GRACE Groundwater Drought Index) from these anomalies, based upon a statistical analysis and procedures to filter out the anthropogenic trends. In second step of our methodology, an approach based on wavelet coherence was applied to the GGDI grid-cells to perform the climate teleconnections analysis, to detect an eventual relationship with climatic factors inducing extreme climate events. By comparing the obtained GGDI along NWSAS regions to other hydrological drought indices as PDSI (Palmer Drought Severity Index) and SPEI (Standardized Precipitation-Evapotranspiration Index), we have allowed us to highlight the performance of the proposed method to monitor in near-real time the droughts/floods events occurred on the studied area. The obtained results have also revealed the existence of some correlation between the GGDI and ENSO time series and other climate indices not presented herein, reflecting some periods of drought/flood, occurred in different regions of NWSAS. These findings can be a novel information support to evaluate the natural effects on the groundwater recharge and depletion rates.

Abstract. The deterministic motions of clouds and turbulence, despite their chaotic nature, nonetheless follow simple statistical power-law scalings: a fractal dimension D relates individual cloud perimeters p to measurement resolution, and turbulent fluctuations scale with separation distance through the Hurst exponent ℌ. It remains uncertain whether atmospheric turbulence is best characterized by split isotropy that is three-dimensional with ℌ = 1/3 at small scales and two-dimensional with ℌ = 1 at large scales, or by wide-range anisotropic scaling with an intermediate value of ℌ. Here, we introduce an “ensemble fractal dimension” De – analogous to D – that relates the total cloud perimeter per domain area 𝒫 as seen from space to measurement resolution, and show theoretically how turbulent dimensionality and cloud edge geometry are linked through ℌ =De − 1. Observationally, by progressively coarsening the resolution of cloud mask arrays from various global satellite platforms and a numerical simulation of a tropical domain we find the scaling De ~ 5/3, or ℌ ~ 2/3, a value nearly consistent with a previously proposed “23/9D” anisotropic turbulent scaling. Remarkably, the same scaling links two “limiting case” estimates of 𝒫 evaluated at the planetary scale and the Kolmogorov microscale, as separated by 11 orders of magnitude, suggesting that cloud and turbulent behaviors are constrained by basic planetary parameters.

Dédiée aux sciences de l'atmosphère, au climat et à d'autres domaines connexes, tels que l'océanographie ou la glaciologie, La Météorologie, révisée par des pairs et publiée en français, s'adresse aux professionnels de la météo et du climat, aux enseignants, aux étudiants, aux amateurs et aux utilisateurs. La Météorologie a succédé en 1925 à l'Annuaire de la Société météorologique de France (1852-1924) qui avait lui-même succédé à l'Annuaire météorologique de la France (1849-1851).

A Síndrome Sensitiva do Nervo Periférico consiste em manifestações de doenças caracterizadas pelo acometimento do Sistema Nervoso Periférico (SNP). Dentre as principais etiologias dessa síndrome, podemos destacar a hanseníase, a diabetes mellitus e as compressões nervosas. Clinicamente, dividimos a Síndrome Sensitiva do Nervo Periférico em polineuropatias e mononeuropatias, e suas manifestações são dependentes do componente do SNP afetado, da etiologia e progressão do quadro.

Abstract In this article, we present Kepler-aSI, a matching approach to overcome possible semantic gaps in tabular data by referring to a Knowledge Graph. The task proves difficult for the machines, which requires extra effort to deploy the cognitive ability in the matching methods. Indeed, the ultimate goal of our new method is to implement a fast and efficient approach to annotate tabular data with features from a Knowledge Graph. The approach combines search and filter services combined with text pre-processing techniques. The experimental evaluation was conducted in the context of the SemTab 2021 challenge and yielded encouraging and promising results referring to its performance and ranks held.KeywordsTabular dataKnowledge graphFair principles

BackgroundIn the last two decades, recurrent epizootics of bluetongue virus and Schmallenberg virus have been reported in the western Palearctic region. These viruses affect domestic cattle, sheep, goats and wild ruminants and are transmitted by native hematophagous midges of the genus Culicoides (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Culicoides dispersal is known to be stratified, i.e. due to a combination of dispersal processes occurring actively at short distances and passively or semi-actively at long distances, allowing individuals to jump hundreds of kilometers.MethodsHere, we aim to identify the environmental factors that promote or limit gene flow of Culicoides obsoletus, an abundant and widespread vector species in Europe, using an innovative framework integrating spatial, population genetics and statistical approaches. A total of 348 individuals were sampled in 46 sites in France and were genotyped using 13 newly designed microsatellite markers.ResultsWe found low genetic differentiation and a weak population structure for C. obsoletus across the country. Using three complementary inter-individual genetic distances, we did not detect any significant isolation by distance, but did detect significant anisotropic isolation by distance on a north-south axis. We employed a multiple regression on distance matrices approach to investigate the correlation between genetic and environmental distances. Among all the environmental factors that were tested, only cattle density seems to have an impact on C. obsoletus gene flow.ConclusionsThe high dispersal capacity of C. obsoletus over land found in the present study calls for a re-evaluation of the impact of Culicoides on virus dispersal, and highlights the urgent need to better integrate molecular, spatial and statistical information to guide vector-borne disease control.Graphical

Abstract AimsThe question of interactions between the renin angiotensin aldosterone system drugs and the incidence and prognosis of COVID-19 infection has been raised by the medical community. We hypothesised that if patients treated with ACE inhibitors (ACEI) or AT1 receptor blockers (ARB) were more prone to SARS-CoV2 infection and had a worse prognosis than untreated patients, the prevalence of consumption of these drugs would be higher in patients with COVID-19 compared to the general population.Methods and resultsWe used a clinical epidemiology approach based on the estimation of standardised prevalence ratio (SPR) of consumption of ACEI and ARB in four groups of patients (including 187 COVID-19 positive) with increasing severity referred to the University hospital of Lille and in three French reference samples (the exhaustive North population (n=1,569,968), a representative sample of the French population (n=414,046), a random sample of Lille area (n=1,584)).The SPRs of ACEI and ARB did not differ as the severity of the COVID-19 patients increased, being similar to the regular consumption of these drugs in the North of France population with the same non-significant increase for both treatment (1.17 [0.83–1.67]). A statistically significant increase in the SPR of ARB (1.56 [1.02–2.39]) was observed in intensive care unit patients only. After stratification on obesity, this increase was limited to the high risk subgroup of obese patients.ConclusionsOur results strongly support the recommendation that ACEI and ARB should be continued in the population and in COVID-19 positive patients, reinforcing the position of several scientific societies.

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