TDC (Denmark)

This study aims to explore the associations between clinical characteristics, including medical history, and the frequency, severity, and type of pain events (PEs) over a two-year period in patients with knee osteoarthritis (OA). A post-hoc analysis was conducted on data from two double-blinded, randomized, placebo-controlled, multicenter phase-III trials assessing the efficacy and safety of salmon calcitonin in patients with painful and radiographic knee OA. 2206 patients aged 51-80 years were included. Adverse events (AEs) were recorded and categorized into PEs and non-PEs. Logistic regression models were used to assess associations, adjusting for confounders such as age, sex, and body mass index (BMI). Of the 8183 AEs recorded, 27.6 % were classified as PEs. Higher BMI was associated with lower odds of reporting PEs (OR: 0.94, p = 0.02), while male patients reported fewer PEs than females (OR: 0.83, p = 0.04). Insomnia and depression were linked to increased odds of PEs. In the PE population, higher BMI was associated with increased odds of moderate and severe PEs. KL grade 3 was linked to lower odds of moderate and severe PEs. The study identifies female sex and certain medical histories as significant predictors of PEs in knee OA patients. A higher BMI was associated with lower odds of reporting PEs but for those who reported PEs, higher BMI was associated with more severe PEs. These results should be interpreted with caution due to methodological limitations, however the findings indicate risk factors for pain events and suggest further research into these associations.

ABSTRACT This study investigates how construction waste intensity affects greenhouse gas emissions (GHGe), analyzing data from 345 buildings constructed between 2007 and 2025. Using material waste rates (MWR) from previous cases, it predicts climate impacts based on typical material compositions. MWR reaches up to 25.6% of delivered materials, with packaging materials accounting for as much as 16.7%. These waste intensities feed into life cycle assessment (LCA) calculations, resulting in a benchmark of 21.59 kg CO 2 e/m 2 gross floor area (GFA) for waste mitigation in 75% of building projects. GHGe varies significantly by building type, from 16.80 to 34.06 kg CO 2 e/m 2 GFA, resulting in differentiated benchmarks for eight typologies. The study contributes a predictive framework that links empirical waste data with LCA‐based emission targets, supporting early‐stage planning and procurement decisions. These benchmarks guide more efficient waste management strategies, helping practitioners support circular economy principles and reduce the environmental footprint of construction.

This paper presents the design, manufacturing, testing, and validation of the MASKARA (Multiple Apertures for high-resolution SAR based on Ka-band Reflectarray) Breadboard Model (BBM), a large Ka-band reflectarray antenna developed for Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) applications. The BBM features a dual-offset antenna configuration intended for a high-resolution, wide-swath SAR instrument. At the core of the system is a 1.5 m × 0.55 m reflectarray operating between 35.5–36.0 GHz in the Ka-band. To our knowledge, this is the first demonstration of a reflectarray antenna designed to support two distinct modes of operation, exploiting the inherent advantages of reflectarrays—such as reduced cost and compact stowage—over traditional solutions. The antenna provides a high-resolution mode requiring a higher-gain beam in one polarization and a low-resolution mode covering a larger swath with broader beam coverage in the orthogonal polarization. The design process follows a holistic, multidisciplinary approach, integrating RF and thermomechanical considerations through iterative and concurrent design reviews. The BBM has been successfully manufactured and experimentally tested, and the measurement results show good agreement with simulations, confirming the validity of the proposed concept and demonstrating its potential for future high-performance SAR missions.

ABSTRACT This comprehensive study establishes a detailed storm record for the Faroe Islands from 1940 to 2024 using ERA5 and NORA3 reanalysis data, as well as in situ observations. Over these 85 years, the Faroe Islands experienced 396 storms, averaging 4.8 yearly. The data revealed that storm events occur most years, with notable periods of heightened activity. The majority of storms were classified as stormy weather (20.8–24.4 m/s), with fewer (1.4 yearly) but significant occurrences of severe storms (≥ 24.5 m/s), with a higher number of severe storms in specific areas. Predominant wind directions from the southwest and west highlight the influence of Atlantic weather systems, with storms mainly occurring in the winter months. Comparing wind observations from Tórshavn with ERA5 data calibrated with the high‐resolution NORA3 reanalysis highlighted the accuracy and limitations of ERA5 in capturing storm events. While the calibrated ERA5 data provided reliable estimates of average wind speeds, it tended to smooth out fluctuations, underrepresenting the variability and intensity of extreme wind conditions. Applying a gust factor, derived from detailed observations, adjusted ERA5 wind speeds to reflect true conditions better. The study also demonstrated the utility of geostrophic wind speed records derived from pressure measurements to construct a long‐term storm activity index. A trend analysis reveals almost no discernible long‐term trend in frequency and intensity, indicating minimal change over time. Overall, this study emphasises the need for continued monitoring and refinement in storm identification and classification methods to improve the accuracy of storm event representations, crucial for the mitigation of severe storm impacts in the region.

Patients with diabetes have increased rates of major adverse cardiac events (MACEs). We hypothesized that this is explained by diabetes-associated differences in coronary plaque morphology and lipid content. In PROSPECT II (Providing Regional Observations to Study Predictors of Events in the Coronary Tree), 898 patients with acute myocardial infarction with or without ST-segment elevation underwent 3-vessel quantitative coronary angiography and coregistered near-infrared spectroscopy and intravascular ultrasound imaging after successful percutaneous coronary intervention. Subsequent MACEs were adjudicated to either treated culprit lesions or untreated nonculprit lesions. This substudy stratified patients by diabetes status and assessed baseline culprit and nonculprit prevalence of high-risk plaque characteristics defined as maximum plaque burden ≥70% and maximum lipid core burden index ≥324.7. Separate covariate-adjusted multivariable models were performed to identify whether diabetes was associated with nonculprit lesion-related MACEs and high-risk plaque characteristics. Diabetes was present in 109 of 898 patients (12.1%). During a median 3.7-year follow-up, MACEs occurred more frequently in patients with versus without diabetes (20.1% versus 13.5% [odds ratio (OR), 1.94 (95% CI, 1.14-3.30)]), primarily attributable to increased risk of myocardial infarction related to culprit lesion restenosis (4.3% versus 1.1% [OR, 3.78 (95% CI, 1.12-12.77)]) and nonculprit lesion-related spontaneous myocardial infarction (9.3% versus 3.8% [OR, 2.74 (95% CI, 1.25-6.04)]). However, baseline prevalence of high-risk plaque characteristics was similar for patients with versus without diabetes concerning culprit (maximum plaque burden ≥70%: 90% versus 93%, P=0.34; maximum lipid core burden index ≥324.7: 66% versus 70%, P=0.49) and nonculprit lesions (maximum plaque burden ≥70%: 23% versus 22%, P=0.37; maximum lipid core burden index ≥324.7: 26% versus 24%, P=0.47). In multivariable models, diabetes was associated with MACEs in nonculprit lesions (adjusted OR, 2.47 [95% CI, 1.21-5.04]) but not with prevalence of high-risk plaque characteristics (adjusted OR, 1.21 [95% CI, 0.86-1.69]). Among patients with recent myocardial infarction, both treated and untreated lesions contributed to the diabetes-associated ≈2-fold increased MACE rate during the 3.7-year follow-up. Diabetes-related plaque characteristics that might underlie this increased risk were not identified by multimodality imaging. URL: https://www. gov; Unique identifier: NCT02171065.

Standard operational practice mandates deploying expensive transponders at the borders between transport network domains. While this provides service guarantees, it also brings high service cost and increased end-to-end delay for the traffic. Deploying open WDM interfaces, often referred to as Alien Wavelengths, is one solution to overcome these drawbacks. This article provides an overview of the development of the Alien Wavelength technology to date. CAPEX and OPEX savings examples are provided together with an extensive analysis of the application of the open WDM interfaces for supporting the future optical Internet and its demanding applications. Our analysis indicates up to 60% savings in deployment cost and up to 70% savings in power consumption for hight bit-rate services deployed via open WDM interfaces.

This paper identifies the need for Telecom operators in the competitive environment to become lean. To reduce costs and to focus on the merchant side rather than the technological side of the business as the means of surviving.

We compute the gravitational radiation generated in the evolution of a family of close binary black hole configurations, using a combination of numerical and perturbative approximation methods. We evolve the binaries with spins, $s$, aligned or counter-aligned with the orbital angular momentum from near the innermost stable circular orbit (ISCO) down to the final single rotating black hole. For the moderately spinning holes studied here the remnant Kerr black hole formed at the end of an inspiral process have a rotation parameter $a/M\approx0.72+0.32(s/m_H)$, suggesting it is difficult (though not excluded) to end up with near maximally rotating holes from such scenarios.

With the goal of bringing theory, particularly numerical relativity, to bear on an astrophysical problem of critical interest to gravitational wave observers we introduce a model for coalescence radiation from binary black hole systems. We build our model using the "Lazarus approach", a technique that bridges far and close limit approaches with full numerical relativity to solve Einstein equations applied in the truly nonlinear dynamical regime. We specifically study the post-orbital radiation from a system of equal-mass non-spinning black holes, deriving waveforms which indicate strongly circularly polarized radiation of roughly 3% of the system's total energy and 12% of its total angular momentum in just a few cycles. Supporting this result we first establish the reliability of the late-time part of our model, including the numerical relativity and close-limit components, with a thorough study of waveforms from a sequence of black hole configurations varying from previously treated head-on collisions to representative target for ``ISCO'' data corresponding to the end of the inspiral period. We then complete our model with a simple treatment for the early part of the spacetime based on a standard family of initial data for binary black holes in circular orbit. A detailed analysis shows strong robustness in the results as the initial separation of the black holes is increased from 5.0 to 7.8M supporting our waveforms as a suitable basic description of the astrophysical radiation from this system. Finally, a simple fitting of the plunge waveforms is introduced as a first attempt to facilitate the task of analyzing data from gravitational wave detectors.

Chapter twelve highlights an issue relevant to many proposed agent-based control solutions—the importance of enabling the agent platform sufficiently low-level access to network devices, sometimes requiring their control logics to be bypassed. The authors describe how this issue was successfully coped with in the ACTS project IMPACT. Although their specific implementation targeted an ATM network environment, the concepts formulated are generic and could be used in the adaptation of other network technologies for agent-based control and management. This is illustrated by the fact that the project succeeded in having IP applications operating seamlessly over an agent-controlled ATM network.