THINK3 (France)

Relevance. To establish the shortest, safest and most effective route Contra-lateral transfer of spinal nerve C7 is an urgent issue in repairing damage to the nervous system. Objective. The goal is to identify the anatomical conditions indicated for direct anastomosis during contralateral transfer of the roots, the perineural complex of the spinal nerve C7, the middle trunk and its anterior division. Material and methods. On 105 cadavers of men and women aged 40—97 years, the dimensions of the neck (n=105), C7 cervical vertebra (n=36), C7 cervical segment of the spinal cord, radicular filaments and roots (n=24), C7 spinal nerve, the middle trunk, its anterior division at the epineural and perineural levels (n=121). Based on the data obtained, life-size geometric models of 10 surgical paths were built and the following indicators were determined: donor length and path length, frequency of direct anastomoses and, if necessary, the size of the nerve insertion. The minimum and maximum values, median (Me), quartile intervals [Q1; Q3], the significance of intergroup differences were determined using the Mann—Whitney U-test, and pairwise contingency was determined by Spearman (rs). Results. The total length of the anterior radicular threads and root (25 [23.5; 26.5] mm), posterior radicular threads and root (28 [25; 30] mm) in 83.3—95.8% of cases is sufficient for direct anastomosis with contralateral transfer by intravertebral tracts. The total length of the perineural complex of the spinal nerve C7, the middle trunk and its anterior division (75 [66; 85] mm) is sufficient in 100% of cases for direct anastomosis with contralateral transfers through and prevertebral tracts, in 83.3% with retrotracheal premuscular, in 81% — pretracheal periosomnia, in 8.3% — retrosternal-cleidomastoid, in 2.5% — subcutaneous. Conclusion. The frequency of direct anastomoses can be increased by 2—2.7 times by using the middle trunk, anterior division and perineural complex of spinal nerve C7. Every 10 mm the surgical path is removed from the middle of the neck, the length of the path increases by 20 mm, the length of the nerve insertion increases by 10 mm and the frequency of direct anastomosis decreases by 10%.

Abstract Cannabis is one of the most widely grown multi-purpose crops. It has been at the center of scientific attention for many years, mainly due to its unique chemical composition. The strongest natural fibers possessing antibacterial properties can be obtained from plant stalks. Seeds contain oil with well-balanced fatty acids and seed meal is a good source of digestible protein. In addition, Cannabis plants produce secondary metabolites, including bioactive cannabinoids, terpenes, phenolic compounds, and alkaloids. Phytocannabinoids, predominantly produced in Cannabis, represent thoroughly studied class of the compounds with wide range of pharmacological activities. In addition, more than 40 jurisdictions have undertaken policy reforms to liberalize the use of Cannabis products for medical and/or non-medical adult use. An appropriate measures need to be taken to minimize the eventual negative impacts of Cannabis use. Evidence-based education in combination with proportionate sanctions is the only way to maximize the positive outcomes of Cannabis policy reforms. It is also crucial to secure microbial, chemical quality and safety of Cannabis products, likely via introducing international standards based on inter-laboratory validation. Finally, technical and ethical challenges associated with promising tools to improve the quality and yield of Cannabis production, such as in vitro-, new breeding techniques and polyploidy should be solved.

Die vorliegende Betrachtung aus Sicht des UWG zeigt auf, welche Maßnahmen der Suchmaschinenoptimierung (SEO) wettbewerbsrechtlich zulässig oder unzulässig sind. Die Untersuchung widmet sich zunächst einer Darstellung der SEO, sowie der Einordnung derselben im Hinblick auf das UWG und zeigt grundsätzliche Probleme einer lauterkeitsrechtlichen Betrachtung von SEO auf. Anschließend subsumiert der Verfasser vielfältige Fallkonstellationen der SEO unter Tatbestände des UWG. Es folgt eine Auseinandersetzung mit der bisherigen Rechtsprechung zum UWG und SEO. Die Arbeit liefert konkrete Anweisungen für die lauterkeitsrechtliche Rechtsanwendung, die sich mit Fällen der SEO konfrontiert sieht.