Tajik National University

Ushbu maqolada Geranium sanguineum L. turining introduksiya sharoitida o‘sishi, rivojlanishi hamda bioekologik xususiyatlari o‘rganildi. O‘simlikning morfologik belgilaridagi o‘zgarishlar, fenologik fazalari, ekologik omillarga moslashuvi tahlil qilindi. Tadqiqot natijalari introduksiya sharoitida ushbu turning yuqori moslashuvchanlikka ega ekanligini ko‘rsatdi.

This study examines the use of the Russian Language in the Republic of Tajikistan from the Soviet period to 2025. It explores the constitutional and legal aspects of the status of the Russian Language in Tajikistan, both during the USSR and after the republic gained independence. The primary focus is on the analysis of language policies aimed at the application of the Russian Language in the region. The current state of teaching Russian in educational institutions is analyzed, taking into account the changes that have occurred since Tajikistan's independence, with particular consideration given to the impact of language policy on the process of teaching Russian. The role of Russian as a primary means of interethnic communication is emphasized. As a result of this comprehensive study, an analysis of the significance of the Russian Language is conducted, considering its historical role during the Soviet period and its current status in the Republic of Tajikistan. Recommendations are formulated regarding the prospects for promoting and strengthening the position of the Russian Language for its effective use in the country, taking into account the modern realities of a multipolar world and the process of globalization. Further research may focus on the functioning of the Russian Language in various spheres of Tajikistan, considering the realities of the modern information technology era.

In the Banach spaces $${\boldsymbol{\mathcal{L}}}_{q,\gamma}$$ and $$B_{q,\gamma}$$ $$(1\leq q\leq\infty)$$ with weight $$\gamma$$ , the sharp values of some $$n$$ -widths of the classes $$W_{a}^{(r)}H_{q}(\Phi,\mu)$$ , $$r\in\mathbb{N}$$ , $$1\leq q\leq\infty$$ , $$\mu\in\mathbb{R}$$ , $$\mu\geq 1$$ are evaluated. These classes consist of functions $$f\in H_{q,a}^{(r)}$$ such that the averaged modulus of continuity of their derivatives $$f_{a}^{(r)}$$ are upper bounded by a given majorant $$\Phi$$ . We also specify a best linear method on which the sharp value of the linear $$n$$ -width for the classes $$W_{a}^{(r)}H_{q}(\Phi,\mu)$$ in $${\boldsymbol{\mathcal{L}}}_{q,\gamma}$$ is realized.

Abstract: In the context of rapid development of digital technologies, organizations increasingly turn to the concept of digital transformation to improve their competitiveness and efficient operations. In this regard, the development and application of suitable tools for choosing a digital transformation strategy is one of the important applied tasks of each organization. This fact indicates the need to select advanced analytical tools. In the article, the author conducts a comprehensive study aimed at creating an innovative model for assessing digital transformation strategies. The model combines innovative methods of multi-criteria analysis, in particular multi-criteria decision making, fuzzy logic and other mathematical approaches that allow for a comprehensive analysis and development of the most optimal strategies for the development of an organization. Based on the results of the study, the optimal strategy for the object under study was determined for the purpose of successful digital transformation. Further, the main conclusions and promising areas for further research are formulated.

Mazkur maqolada talabalarni to‘garaklar orqali darslarni mazmunli tashkil etish uchun maqsadli yo‘naltirish, o‘zidagi ijodiy qobiliyat, intellektual imkoniyat va hayotiy tajribani to‘liq safarbar etgan holda hal etishini ilmiy-amaliy jihatdan yoritib berilgan. To‘garaklar asosida talabalarda ijodiy faoliyat tajribasini shakllantirishning motivatsion, kognitiv, mazmunli, faoliyatli, jarayonli, refleksiv, texnologik va nazorat-tahlil kompetentlikka doir bilimlarni ilmiy dalillarga asoslangan holda o‘rganish imkoniyatini beruvchi tamoyillar haqida ma’lumotlar keltirilgan.

Drought, one of the manifestations of emergencies, is a serious problem for Central Asia. Experts estimate that more than 70 per cent of the region's territory is considered vulnerable to natural disasters. Droughts are less frequent than floods, but affect more people. Over the past decade, 60 per cent of the population exposed to extreme weather events has been affected by drought. The most tangible impact of drought is on agriculture and food security in the region. Droughts are expected to become more frequent in Tajikistan, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan due to projected temperature increases and longer periods of extreme heat and evaporation in areas with lower precipitation. In establishing drought monitoring and early warning systems in Central Asia and adapting drought prediction models, the monitoring of climate indicators and the availability of a rich and deep database of years is an important link. The purpose of this work is to monitor the probability of drought occurrence depending on the meteorological conditions of the Kafirnigan River basin in Tajikistan. The formation and dispersion zones of the Kafirnigan River differ significantly in their meteorological characteristics. The monitoring of droughts in the area of the river's formation and dispersion and their comparison with meteorological conditions allows establishing the existence of certain regularity between them. The results of such dependencies can form the basis for the development of drought early warning systems. A characteristic feature of the drought indices (SPI and SPEI) in the southern Tajik lowlands is their decreasing nature and the significant difference in the trends of change. Differences between SPEI-6 and SPI-6 are due to potential evapotranspiration (PET), which is determined by the difference between precipitation and evaporation. The similarity between SPEI and SPI in winter is reasonable because this is the period when PET tends to have the lowest ratio to precipitation, resulting in a functional approximation of SPEI to SPI. According to the same principles, the largest difference is observed in November, which covers the period from June to November, when PET is highest in relation to precipitation. It is found that for the period 1950-2023, monthly mean precipitation values are significantly lower and temperatures are higher than the climatic norm of the southern Tajik lowlands, leading to negative values of mean annual SPEI and SPI and favoring the occurrence of drought.

An Erratum to this paper has been published: https://doi.org/10.1134/S0022476624120060

This investigation and critical revision of the ichthyofauna of Tajikistan is the result of two nationwide surveys completed by the authors in 2017 and 2019 combined with an analytical examination of previous studies. The ichthyofauna of Tajikistan includes 60 species, of which 44 are native and 15 are nonnative, while one species (Cyprinus carpio) is represented by populations of native and alien origin. Seven species recorded in neighboring countries could potentially be found in Tajikistan, 12 introduced species are nonnaturalized, two were erroneously identified as belonging to the ichthyofauna of Tajikistan, and two are extinct. The current fish fauna is represented by eight orders (Acipenseriformes, Cypriniformes, Cyprinodontiformes, Gobiiformes, Perciformes, Salmoniformes, Siluriformes, and Synbranchiformes) and 18 families (Acipenseridae, Acheilognathidae, Channidae, Cobitidae, Cottidae, Cyprinidae, Esocidae, Gobiidae, Gobionidae, Leuciscidae, Nemacheilidae, Odontobutidae, Percidae, Poeciliidae, Salmonidae, Siluridae, Sisoridae, and Xenocyprididae), of which the largest number of species belong to Leuciscidae (14 species), Nemacheilidae (13 species), and Cyprinidae (9 species). Significant changes in the fish fauna occurred in the 20th century due to anthropogenic factors and climate change. Water diversion for irrigation and construction of canals and reservoirs led to changes in the hydrological regime, which, combined with illegal fishing and overharvesting dramatically affected the abundance of at least eight species and led to the extinction of two, Acipenser nudiventris and Pseudoscaphirhynchus fedtschenkoi. Massive introductions of commercial fish species in the 20th century led to an increase in the alien fauna to 16 species.

Markaziy Bo‘kantovning shimoliy-g‘arbiy qismida ma’danlashuv turlari o‘zaro mineral tarkibi, morfologik xususiyatlari va joylashish tartibi bilan bir-biridan farq qiladi. Olingan ma’lumotlar ma’dan tanalarining yuqori qismidagi, ekzogen jarayonlar tufayli hosil bo‘lgan oksidlangan ma’dan turlarini va quyidagi endogen birlamchi ma’danlarni ajratish imkonini beradi.

Dunyodagi ijtimoiy-siyosiy o‘zgarishlar har bir insonning muhim ijtimoiy rollaridan biri — fuqarolik pozitsiyasini shakllantirish muhim ahamiyat kasb etishini namoyon qilmoqda. Zamonaviy yoshlar asta-sekin aholining ijtimoiy faol qismiga aylanishmoqda. Jamiyat taraqqiyotining zamonaviy tendensiyalari, uni demokratlashtirish va liberallashtirish jarayonlari zamonaviy yoshlarni fuqarolik pozitsiyasini shakllantirish zarurligini taqozo etmoqda.Ushbu maqolada global o‘zgarishlar sharoitida yurtimizda yoshlar masalasi bo‘yicha amalga oshirilayotgan muhim islohotlar, ularning fuqarolik pozitsiyasi yuksalishidagi o‘zgarishlar va uni baholash mezonlari hamda indikatorlari tahlil qilingan