Takara (France)

The application of flour is determined by the composition of its starch and storage proteins. Previously isolated diploid <i>waxy</i> wheat is known to be amylose-free and possesses the same amylopectin structure as the wild-type. To reveal its characteristics, starch, protein, lipid, fiber, gluten, and allergen contents and rheological properties were analyzed and compared to its parental wild-type diploid wheat and commercially available hexaploid wheats. The results showed that the starch content of diploid <i>waxy</i> wheat was similar, but its protein, lipid, and fiber contents were higher than that of the wild-type. In addition, diploid <i>waxy</i> wheat produced high levels of gluten unlike its wild-type while its allergen level was similar to its wild-type. The storage modulus of diploid <i>waxy</i> wheat was significantly lower than that of other wheat lines at high temperatures. These results suggest that diploid <i>waxy</i> wheat holds different characteristics from hexaploid wheats for food processing.

髪色は人の印象に影響を与える要因の1つと考えられているが，実際は髪色とともにツヤや透明感などさまざまな要素が複合的に知覚され人の印象に影響を及ぼしている。しかし，髪色とツヤがどのように調和して知覚されるのか，髪における透明感はどのように知覚されているのかいまだ明らかになっていない。本研究では，髪色とツヤが印象に与える効果および，髪における「透明感」の知覚要因について22語の評定語を用いた実験を行い，2要因分散分析，パス解析，重回帰分析を用いて分析した。その結果，髪色に関わらずツヤが高いほど評定値が上昇する評定語や，中程度のツヤの度合いが評定値を最も高くする評定語が示された。またパス解析により示されたモデル図では，髪色にツヤが似合うかどうかに影響する因子が髪色ごとに異なることが明らかとなった。さらに重回帰分析により髪における「透明感」の知覚を半分以上説明することができた。ツヤとヘアカラーとの結びつきを明確にしたことで，より効果的にカラーデザインの表現の幅を広げ，製品開発へ応用できると期待される。

We aim at encapsulating fragrances made of a variety of lipophilic species to slow down their diffusion. Our strategy is to develop capsules by polymerizing the water intermediate phase of an oil-in-water-in-oil double emulsion. In other terms, our system consists in a direct emulsion of fragrance (O1) in a water phase (W) containing monomer, initiator, and cross-linker. To obtain the double emulsion, this direct emulsion, stabilized by a hydrophilic surfactant, is itself dispersed in an external lipophilic solvent used in perfumery (O2) and stabilized by a lipophilic surfactant. Polymerization of the intermediate water phase aims at obtaining a 3D network. Differently from nowadays-proposed capsules, this strategy allows polymerization only taking place in the water phase rather in the phase containing the fragrance. Moreover, the obtained 3D network is supposed to play the role of an effective barrier limiting the diffusion of the inner lipophilic species towards either the external solvent or air. Such an approach implies the combination of a formulation step to elaborate the double emulsion using two antagonistic surfactants, a hydrophilic one and a lipophilic one, and of the polymerization of the intermediate phase. Insertion of the polymerizable species in the double emulsion shall not destabilize it. Some monomers exhibiting interfacial affinity and interfering with the formulation of the double emulsion have to be avoided. By varying the nature of the monomers and the cross-linker to monomer ratio, capsules with high encapsulation efficiencies and with various mechanical properties have been obtained.

IntroductionSingle-cell T-cell receptor (scTCR) clonotype analysis permits the determination of the specific TCR alpha-beta (α/β) chain pairing expressed on each cell. This pairing information allows researchers to gain insight into Tcell heterogeneity and plasticity, determine the contribution of the pairing to antigen specificity of the individual TCR, and design therapeutic antibodies. Here we employ a 5’-RACE-like approach and SMART technology, in conjunction with two novel next-generation sequencing (NGS) library preparation kits, using the same primer pairs, to capture full-length variable regions of TCR-α and -β chains.Material and methodsMethod 1, using the SMARTer Human scTCRa/b Profiling Kit, permits NGS library preparation of FACS-sorted cells in 96-well plates. Method 2 is an adaptation of the process above that scales to ~1200 single cells using the SMARTer ICELL8 Single-Cell System, which enables single-cell isolation and nanoliter PCR in a nanowell chip.Results and discussionsWe present data showing α/β pairing from Jurkat, CCRF, PBMCs, and CD4 +T cells. In addition to the sensitivity of this method, the ability to pool the cDNA from 96wells into 12 sequencing libraries adds to the ease of use. Consistent with immunology reports, unstimulated CCRF-CEM cells examined with this kit expressed a TCR-β but not a TCR-α chain.scTCR pofiling with SMARTer ICELL8 Single-Cell System as a proof of principle of scTCRα/β was performed on Jurkat cells and CCRF-CEM cells.Jurkat cells and CCRF-CEM cells were processed using an ICELL8 chip preprinted with barcoded oligos. Paired TCRα/β Jurkat clonotypes were detected in 77% and 87% cells in mixed and single cell populations, respectively.ConclusionThe ability of the core biochemistry and PCR components of these kits to be used with either FACS-sorted cells in 96-well plates or >1,000 cells in novel ICELL8 chips (in development) points to the general utility and scalability of this approach in understanding paired scTCR clonotype diversity.