Tamano General Medical College

Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors could reduce cardiovascular events in patients with heart failure irrespective of diabetes status. In this prespecified sub-analysis of randomised-controlled trial, we investigated the efficacy of luseogliflozin (2.5 mg daily), a sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor, with that of voglibose (0.6 mg daily), an alpha-glucosidase inhibitor, on high-risk lipid profile and inflammatory markers in patients with type-2 diabetes and heart failure. Among the 157 patients studied, there were no significant differences in the mean malondialdehyde LDL or small-dense LDL cholesterol levels between the luseogliflozin and voglibose groups (percent change: 0.2% vs. − 0.6%, p = 0.93; − 1.7% vs. − 8.6%, p = 0.21) after 12 weeks in comparison to levels at the baseline. No significant difference was observed between the two groups in the adiponectin and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein levels after 12 weeks compared to the baseline levels (percent change, − 1.6% vs. − 4.0% and 22.5% vs. 10.0%; p = 0.52 and p = 0.55, respectively). In conclusion, in patients with type-2 diabetes and heart failure, compared to voglibose, luseogliflozin did not significantly improve the high-risk lipoprotein profile including malondialdehyde LDL and small-dense LDL cholesterol or the levels of inflammatory markers, including adiponectin and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein.Trial registration: Trial number: UMIN-CTR, UMIN000018395; Registered 23 July 2015; URL: https://www.umin.ac.jp/ctr/index.htm.

La reforma introducida por la Ley 4/2022 en relación con el tamaño de letra de los contratos celebrados con consumidores y su conexión con principios como legibilidad y nulidad, exigen determinar qué debe entenderse por “tamaño de letra”, que no se encuentra definido en nuestro derecho, con la incertidumbre que esto conlleva para todos los intervinientes en el tráfico económico y jurídico. Los autores realizan un análisis de criterios de medición y regulación que se pueden encontrar en el derecho comparado.

This study presents a new method that mitigates biases between the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) from geostationary (GEO) and low Earth orbit (LEO) satellites for Earth observation. The method geometrically and spectrally transforms GEO NDVI into LEO-compatible GEO NDVI, in which GEO’s off-nadir view is adjusted to a near-nadir view. First, a GEO-to-LEO NDVI transformation equation is derived using a linear mixture model of anisotropic vegetation and nonvegetation endmember spectra. The coefficients of the derived equation are a function of the endmember spectra of two sensors. The resultant equation is used to develop an NDVI transformation method in which endmember spectra are automatically computed from each sensor’s data independently and are combined to compute the coefficients. Importantly, this method does not require regression analysis using two-sensor NDVI data. The method is demonstrated using Himawari 8 Advanced Himawari Imager (AHI) data at off-nadir view and Aqua Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) data at near-nadir view in middle latitude. The results show that the magnitudes of the averaged NDVI biases between AHI and MODIS for five test sites (0.016–0.026) were reduced after the transformation (<0.01). These findings indicate that the proposed method facilitates the combination of GEO and LEO NDVIs to provide NDVIs with smaller differences, except for cases in which the fraction of vegetation cover (FVC) depends on the view angle. Further investigations should be conducted to reduce the remaining errors in the transformation and to explore the feasibility of using the proposed method to predict near-real-time and near-nadir LEO vegetation index time series using GEO data.

近畿地方の瀬戸内区に分布する中新統の鮎河，綴喜，山辺および山粕の各層群から産出した微化石（珪藻，浮遊性有孔虫，貝形虫）に基づき，生層序を明らかにした．鮎河層群から浮遊性有孔虫化石と珪藻化石の年代指標種は産出しなかったが，貝形虫化石と既存の貝化石の結果から土山層と黒川層は珪藻化石帯のNPD2B（18.2-16.9 Ma）に対比される可能性が高い．綴喜層群奥山田層から貝形虫化石と珪藻化石の年代指標種が産出し，珪藻化石帯のNPD2B帯に対比された．山辺層群吐山層から珪藻化石のみが産出し，珪藻化石帯のNPD2A帯（19.9-18.2 Ma）に対比された．山粕層群中太郎生層から浮遊性有孔虫化石と珪藻化石が産出し，珪藻化石帯のNPD2A帯に対比された．以上の新知見と先行研究の再検討を踏まえると，瀬戸内区の中新統は19-15 Maの汎世界的な4回の海水準上昇期に関連して形成されたと考えられる．

The author proposed a city model for Burmese capital cities based on the analysis of the spatial structure of Mandalay, the last capital city of the Burmese kingdom1). This paper discusses the applicability of the Burmese city model to other historical capital cities of the Burmese kingdom.

Several researches have focused on analyzing the links between moral disengagement and illegal behaviours in young population showing different results. The main aim of this review was to estimate the relationship between moral disengagement and juvenile delinquency, as well as to analyze the influence of certain moderating variables. A random effects model was used in the meta-analytic review in order to settle the average effect magnitude and obtain the moderating effects of demographic and methodological variables. A total of 20 independent studies were obtained involving 10061 youths. Moral disengagement has been found to be associated with juvenile delinquency (r = .35, p < .001). Concurrently, the effect magnitude increases as it does the seriousness of the crime (r = .45, p < .001) which settles the type of crime as a significant moderator. In conclusion, moral disengagement and severe juvenile crime share a powerful relationship, which stablishes the moral disengagement as a relevant risk factor for t

The state of the art in machine learning of Boolean functions is to learn a hypothesis h, which is similar to a target hypothesis f , using a training sample of size N and a family of a priori models in a given hypothesis set H, such that h must belong to some model in this family. An important characteristic in learning is that h should also predict outcome values of f for previously unseen data, so the learning algorithm should minimize the generalization error which is the discrepancy measure between outcome values of f and h. The method proposed in this thesis learns family of models compatible with training samples of size N .

e15546 Background: In cancer patients, the affected microenvironment causes metabolic insufficiency of terminal CD8+ T cells, characterized by persistent loss of mitochondrial function and mass, typically following progressive loss of PPAR-gamma co-activator 1 alpha (PGC-1α). Consequently, terminal CD8+T cells become exhausted CD8+ T cells expressing PD-1 molecule. According to recent reports, nivolumab may not be effective for the exhausted CD8+ T cells with mitochondrial dysfunction. Hydrogen gas is reported to activate PGC-1α and enhance mitochondrial function, thereby potentially restoring the exhausted CD8+ T cells and improving the clinical efficiency of nivolumab. Methods: Using flow cytometry, we investigated PD-1 expression in CD8+ T cells in the peripheral blood of 55 patients with stage IV colorectal carcinoma, before and after hydrogen gas treatment. Further, we compared the progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS), using Cox and Kaplan-Meier survival analyses, between 12 patients treated with nivolumab only, and 14 patients treated with nivolumab + hydrogen gas. Results: Hydrogen gas reduced the number of terminal PD-1+CD8+ T cells in 35 of 55 patients and increased terminal PD-1−CD8+ T cells in 39 of 55 patients. Multivariate analyses demonstrated that the ratio of terminal PD-1+CD8+ T cells before and after treatment with hydrogen gas (terminal PD-1+CD8+ T cell ratio) was an independent predictor of PFS [hazard ratio (HR) 6.459, 95 % confidence interval (CI) 2.384–17.50, p < 0.0001] and OS (HR 2.957, 95 % CI 1.185–7.378, p = 0.020). Additionally, patients with higher terminal PD-1+CD8+ T cell ratio had shorter survival rates than those with lower ratio (log rank test, p < 0.0001 for PFS, p = 0.004 for OS), whereas the high terminal PD-1−CD8+ T cell ratio corresponded to longer survival rates than the lower ratio (log rank test, p = 0.004 for PFS, p = 0.024 for OS). Patients treated with nivolumab + hydrogen gas showed a significantly longer OS than those treated with nivolumab only. Conclusions: These results suggest that hydrogen gas restored terminal PD-1+CD8+ T cells to improve PFS and OS in patients with colorectal carcinomas and to enhance clinical effects in those treated with nivolumab, possibly by activating mitochondrial function.