Taraz State Pedagogical University

The 2019 #ReformasiDikorupsi movement served as a watershed moment for Indonesian youth activism. However, the subsequent six years have witnessed a transition from active mobilization to a state of pervasive digital cynicism. This study investigates the longitudinal impact of state-led counter-narratives on the political trust of Gen Z and Millennials. Utilizing a longitudinal panel design, we analyzed a cohort of 2,400 respondents across 34 Indonesian provinces from 2019 to 2025. We employed Structural Equation Modeling to test the mediating role of digital cynicism between exposure to state-led counter-narratives and institutional trust. Findings indicate that while state counter-narratives initially neutralized protest sentiment, they triggered a significant long-term surge in digital cynicism (beta = 0.48, p < 0.001). This cynicism acts as a primary barrier to formal political engagement, leading to a trust deficit that has deepened by 32 percent since 2019. The study concludes that state efforts to manage online dissent through top-down narratives have paradoxically undermined democratic legitimacy among the youth. The shift from #ReformasiDikorupsi to digital cynicism represents a fundamental decoupling of the youth from the state’s democratic promises.

В статье рассмотрено влияние динамики мировых цен на нефть на развитие нефтегазового сектора Казахстана и изменение структурных пропорций экономического роста в 2020-2024 гг. Проанализировано состояние нефтегазового и ненефтегазового секторов на основе официальных статистических данных, отражающих изменения валовой добавленной стоимости, индекса физического объема и долевых параметров в составе ВВП. Показано, что нефтегазовый сектор сохраняет значимую роль в экономике, однако выявлено устойчивое снижение его относительного вклада на фоне ускоренного роста ненефтегазового блока. Сопоставлены ключевые индикаторы отрасли с динамикой среднегодовой цены на нефть марки Brent. Определено, что реакция нефтегазового сектора обладает инерционностью и асимметрией, а чувствительность к внешним ценовым колебаниям постепенно изменяется. Установлено, что внутренняя структура экономики демонстрирует признаки адаптации, что выражается в изменении отраслевых пропорций и усилении роли несырьевых источников роста. На основе проведенного анализа сформулированы рекомендации, направленные на повышение устойчивости экономики Казахстана к нефтяным шокам, включающие меры макроэкономической стабилизации, усиление фискальных буферов и развитие инструментов диверсификации. Полученные результаты способны расширить аналитическую базу для дальнейших исследований и использования при разработке экономической политики. The article examines the impact of the dynamics of world oil prices on the development of the oil and gas sector in Kazakhstan and the change in the structural proportions of economic growth in 2020-2024. The state of the oil and gas and non-oil and gas sectors is analyzed on the basis of official statistical data reflecting changes in gross value added, volume index and share parameters in GDP. It is shown that the oil and gas sector retains a significant role in the economy, but a steady decrease in its relative contribution has been revealed against the background of accelerated growth of the non-oil and gas block. The key industry indicators are compared with the dynamics of the average annual price of Brent crude oil. It is determined that the reaction of the oil and gas sector has inertia and asymmetry, and sensitivity to external price fluctuations is gradually changing. It has been established that the internal structure of the economy shows signs of adaptation, which is reflected in a change in industry proportions and an increased role of non-resource sources of growth. Based on the analysis, recommendations have been formulated aimed at increasing the resilience of Kazakhstan's economy to oil shocks, including macroeconomic stabilization measures, strengthening fiscal buffers and developing diversification tools. The results obtained can expand the analytical base for further research and use in the development of economic policy.

The aim of the study . To evaluate the effectiveness of multimodal selective lipopolysaccharide (LPS) hemoadsorption in combination with renal replacement therapy (RRT) in patients with gram-negative sepsis or septic shock. Materials and methods. The study included 39 patients. In the main prospective group, patients received extracorporeal therapy in addition to standard of care (ET group, n = 10). In the retrospective comparison group, patients received only standard therapy (ST group, n = 29). Results . In the ET group, the average SOFA score decreased by 3.4 [95% CI: 0.8; 5.2] scores after 72 hours of treatment, while in the ST group, the average SOFA value increased by 1.7 [95% CI: 0; 3.4] scores over the same period, p adj = 0.002. Hospital mortality was 1/10 (10%) in the ET group and 19/29 (66%) in the ST group, and OR = 0.06 [95% CI: 0.01; 0.4] p = 0.003. The analysis, including consideration of severity of the condition at a baseline as a potential confounding factor, confirmed the robustness of the results: statistically significant differences in SOFA dynamics and mortality remained. Conclusion . The use of selective hemoadsorption in combination with renal replacement therapy reduces the severity of organ dysfunction and mortality in patients with sepsis or septic shock.

Beverages based on sprouted cereals are an excellent basis for creating new types of functional foods, as they are rich in nutrients. Beverages made from sprouted grains aim to improve daily nutrition, prioritising food safety. The proper storage of these drinks depends on the processing techniques used, including chemical preservatives and the conditions under which they are stored. Thus, using a mathematical model, this study aimed to determine the optimal storage zone of functional beverages from sprouted raw materials with preservatives. The results of our study showed that the optimum storage temperature and citric acid content of wheat extract were 2.9% and +11°C; barley 2.4% and 18°C; triticale 2.2% and +11°C; sunflower 2.8% and +14°C; rapeseed 2.7% and +16°C; safflower 2.3% and +17°C; flax 2.6% and +17°C; soya 2.4% and +18°C; pea 2.3% and +18°C; chickpea 2.3% and +18°C, respectively. Overall, these outcomes theoretically support the processing of beverages from sprouted grains. Thus, for practical application, it is recommended to implement controlled storage environments with the recommended temperatures and ensure that citric acid is correctly dosed at the identified optimal levels to enhance the shelf life of beverages.

One of the main goals of countries is to increase the welfare and quality of life of their citizens by using their existing wealth and production. This study aims to analyze the contribution of energy, industry, agriculture, and food production towards improving the quality of life for citizens in the Turkic States. Specifically, the study will use the efficiency and super efficiency analysis methods, known as data envelopment analysis, to analyze the years between 2017 and 2022. According to the findings, Turkiс States showed successful management in terms of GDP and health quality in 2019 and 2020. In 2021, only Kazakhstan and Turkmenistan remained below the effective limit. The efficiency analysis model for input showed that the efficiency in the energy production input variable for Kazakhstan is very low (83.9% idle capacity). The findings revealed a point of criticism since efficiency analysis assigns higher efficiency score values to countries that produce output with less input. Thus, testing the findings obtained by comparing efficiency analysis with different input-output models and analysis methods is considered an important methodological approach.

Domain ontologies play a crucial role in organizing, sharing, and reusing domain-specific knowledge within software systems. However, developing a software ontology is a time-consuming and complex process. To create such an ontology, a large number of relevant publications must be analyzed. This task of enriching the ontology with data from these sources can be streamlined and accelerated through the use of lexical and syntactic patterns derived from ontological design. This paper presents a method for the automated construction of ontologies within a scientific domain, leveraging a system of heterogeneous ontological design patterns (ODPs). This system includes ODPs tailored for ontology developers and automatically generated lexical and syntactic patterns, which can be used to enrich ontologies with information extracted from natural language texts.

This study seeks to investigate the impact and relevance of Supreme Court normative decrees in criminal law practice in Kazakhstan. Our objective is to explore their influence on law enforcement practices as well as harmonization between national laws and international standards. Among the primary directions of inquiry lies theoretical analysis of legal nature decrees as well as historical development studies and comparative legal research. Scientific and practical significance of this work lies in its comprehensive examination of how normative decrees affect uniform judicial practice and law enforcement stability. Research methodology included content analysis, comparative legal method interpretation legal interpretation as well as statistical analysis. The primary findings of this research indicated that normative decrees of the Supreme Court play an essential role in shaping law enforcement practices and guaranteeing uniform and stable interpretations of criminal law. These findings underscore the necessity of further aligning Kazakhstani legislation with international standards to enhance law enforcement efficiency and promote human rights protection. Research's value lies in filling gaps in existing literature and offering recommendations to enhance law enforcement practices in Kazakhstan. Practical applications of research results include their potential use by judges, lawyers, and others practicing criminal law. Keywords: normative resolutions of the Supreme Court, normative legal act, sphere of criminal law, legal institute, concept of normative resolution.

Ұлы далада өмір сүрген түркі ру-тайпаларының этникалық тарихы саяси, әлеуметтік себептерден күрделі жағдайда жүрді. Көші-қон, жойылу, бөліну, ассимиляция сияқты үдерістердің нәтижесінде мәдениеттер тоғысып, халық болып қалыптасқаны да белгілі. Кез келген уақытта тарихи үдеріс белгілі бір тарихи кеңістікте жүріп отырады. «Кеңістік» ұғымының түп-төркіні тоқтаусыз құбылыс және шексіздік ұғымына саяды. Ал, «Тарихи кеңістік» жер бетіндегі түрлі тарихи оқиғалар мен үрдістердің белгілі бір уақыт пен ортада өтуі. Мақалада Әбілғазының деректерінде келтірілген Ұлы далағы тарихи жерлер мен олардың сипаты қарастырылған. Авторлар «Шежіре-и Таракиме» шығармасындағы жиі аталатын, ежелден түркілердің құтты қонысы болған Сырдария, Еділ, Жайық өзендері, Қазығұрт, сонымен қатар Алмалық, Сайрам, Талас (Тараз) Йангикент қалалары, Маңғышлақ (Маңғыстау), Дешті-Қыпшақ, Мауереннахр, Тұран, Түркістан далалары туралы деректерді талдаған.

This study delves into the perceptions and practices of the agricultural community regarding eco-friendly technologies and air pollution through a detailed clustering analysis of survey data. The primary objective is to identify distinct groups within the agricultural sector based on their responses to various factors, including demographic information, types of crops grown, perceptions of air pollution, and attitudes toward sustainable practices. The analysis employs K-Means clustering to categorize respondents into three distinct clusters, each representing a unique combination of views and practices. The findings are visualized using scatter plots and box plots, offering a clear depiction of the variations and commonalities within each cluster. The study reveals significant diversity in the adoption and perception of eco-friendly practices in agriculture. Some groups demonstrate high satisfaction and effectiveness, indicating successful integration of sustainable methods, while others show skepticism and challenges, possibly due to economic constraints or lack of access to resources and knowledge. The economic interpretation of these clusters suggests that varying levels of resource availability, technological access, and knowledge dissemination influence differences in the adoption of sustainable practices. The study concludes with recommendations for targeted policy-making, educational initiatives, and resource allocation to support and enhance the adoption of eco-friendly practices across different segments of the agricultural community. This tailored approach can significantly contribute to the broader objective of promoting sustainable agriculture and environmental stewardship.

The effect of exposure on the hematological parameters of the red claw crayfish Cherax quadricarinatus Von Martens 1868 has been studied. The hemolymph is taken immediately after extraction from the water after 2, 4, and 8 h of exposure on the shore and 24 and 72 h after returning to the water. The total hemocyte counts (THCs), hemogram, general protein, and hemocyanin disease are determined. The dynamics of the growth of hematological parameters in the temporal aspect is revealed: THC and the proportion of granulocytes increase to reveal the entire pattern of growth, the proportion of agranulocytes, and the total content of protein and hemocyanin. After exposure on the shore, the color of the hemolymph changes from bluish with a grayish tint to cloudy gray-green (deviation from the norm). The data indicate the development of compensatory factors and pathological properties in response to stress and the occurrence of symptoms in the air, which can be used in practice in assessing the state of the red claw crayfish in the process of transport.