Tashkent Pediatric Medical Institute

The article examines the historical aspects of the formation and development of the dermatovenerological service in the Soviet Union, as well as the specifics of its subsequent formation in the Russian Federation, the Kyrgyz Republic, the Republic of Tajikistan and the Republic of Uzbekistan. The results obtained make it possible to identify the characteristic features of the formation and priority areas of development of the dermatovenerological service in each country, defining tasks to improve the accessibility and effectiveness of specialized medical care.

Necrotizing soft tissue infections in patients with diabetes mellitus are characterized by an aggressive clinical course and a high rate of repeat surgical intervention. Objective of the study. To identify predictors of early re-necrosectomy and assess their prognostic value. Materials and methods. This single-centre cohort study enrolled 128 patients with necrotizing soft tissue infections and concurrent diabetes mellitus treated between 2016 and 2025, with re-necrosectomy within 72 hours defined as the primary endpoint. The study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and applicable national regulations governing biomedical research involving human subjects. The study protocol received approval from the institutional review board of the treating facility. Prior to enrolment, all participants provided written informed consent for the use of de-identified clinical and laboratory data for research purposes. Statistical analysis was carried out with IBM SPSS Statistics 26.0 and MedCalc 20.0. The study was conducted at Bukhara State Medical Institute under the institutional research programme entitled "Early Detection, Diagnosis, and Novel Treatment and Prevention Strategies for Pathological Factors Affecting Population Health in the Bukhara Region During the Post-COVID-19 Pandemic Period (2022–2026)." Results. Re-necrosectomy within the early postoperative period was carried out in 89 patients (69.5%); this group more frequently had a prolonged history of diabetes mellitus, higher HbA1c levels and admission glycaemia, and a more pronounced systemic inflammatory response. The most substantial intergroup differences were identified through analysis of local cytological and microbiological parameters: patients who required early re-necrosectomy demonstrated a significant elevation in the neutrophil destruction index, tissue destruction index, and microbial-cellular index. This group also exhibited greater microbial mass density, a higher proportion of polymicrobial associations, and a predominance of Gram-negative flora, reflecting a more aggressive infectious process and indicating the need for broader surgical debridement. Conclusions. Comprehensive assessment of local cytological and microbiological parameters in conjunction with lactate levels enables prediction of the need for re-necrosectomy within the first 72 hours.

Ovarian tumors in children and adolescents represent a diagnostically challenging and heterogeneous group of diseases. Accurate preoperative differentiation between benign and malignant lesions is essential for optimal treatment planning and preservation of reproductive potential. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) plays a key role in the evaluation of indeterminate adnexal masses; however, conventional morphological MRI features often overlap between benign and malignant tumors. Diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) may provide additional diagnostic information by reflecting tumor cellularity. This multicenter retrospective observational study included pediatric patients with suspected ovarian tumors examined at two tertiary referral centers between 2020 and 2025. A total of 152 patients with suspected ovarian tumors were initially evaluated by ultrasound, of whom 96 underwent pelvic MRI due to diagnostic uncertainty. Histopathological confirmation was available for all 96 patients who underwent MRI and served as the reference standard. Diffusion-weighted imaging with apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) mapping was performed in a subset of 32 patients. MRI assessment included analysis of tumor morphology, presence of solid components, contour characteristics, extracapsular extension, ascites, lymphadenopathy, and peritoneal deposits. Diagnostic performance of MRI and DWI was assessed using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. Several morphological MRI features, including solid components, irregular margins, extracapsular growth, ascites, lymphadenopathy, and peritoneal deposits, were significantly more frequent in malignant tumors (p < 0.001). Tumor size and cystic–solid architecture alone were not reliable indicators of malignancy. ADC values of the solid tumor component were significantly lower in malignant compared with benign lesions (0.8 ± 0.09 × 10⁻³ mm²/s vs. 1.2 ± 0.13 × 10⁻³ mm²/s, p = 0.019). ROC analysis demonstrated high diagnostic accuracy of MRI based on morphological features (AUC = 0.94). The combined use of morphological MRI and DWI improved diagnostic performance, with a sensitivity of 91.0%, specificity of 88.0%, and overall accuracy of 89.0%. MRI is a highly informative modality for the evaluation of ovarian tumors in children and adolescents; however, conventional morphological criteria alone may be insufficient, particularly in early-stage malignant epithelial tumors. Diffusion-weighted imaging with quantitative ADC assessment may provide additional diagnostic information for differentiating benign and malignant ovarian tumors. A comprehensive MRI approach incorporating both morphological and functional parameters may enhance diagnostic confidence and support optimal clinical decision-making in pediatric patients.

Urban air pollution is a critical environmental and public health issue, particularly due to fine particulate matter (PM). This study aimed to chemically characterize PM₂.₅ and PM₁₀ in an urban environment. Air samples were collected over a 30-day period from three urban locations using filter-based samplers. Gravimetric analysis was applied to determine mass concentration, while spectrophotometric and atomic absorption spectrometry techniques were used for chemical analysis. The average concentrations of PM₂.₅ and PM₁₀ were found to be 28.6 ± 6.4 µg/m³ and 54.2 ± 11.7 µg/m³, respectively. Sulfate and nitrate ions dominated the chemical composition, and trace metals such as Pb and Zn were detected at notable levels. The results indicate that urban particulate matter exceeds WHO guideline values and poses potential health risks.

Soil contamination by toxic elements is one of the major environmental challenges affecting soil quality and ecosystem sustainability, particularly in arid regions. The accumulation of heavy metals in soils can disrupt nutrient cycling, reduce soil biological activity, and pose potential risks to agricultural productivity and human health. Therefore, assessing soil contamination and ecological condition is essential for sustainable land management. This study aimed to evaluate the ecological condition and soil quality of agricultural soils located in the Mehnatobod and Koklikol massifs of the Qo‘ng‘irot district in the Republic of Karakalpakstan. The mechanical composition, agrochemical properties, salinity level, and heavy metal concentrations of soils were analyzed. In addition, SQI was calculated by integrating physicochemical soil indicators and ecological parameters into a single composite index. The results showed that the studied soils are characterized by relatively low humus content and limited nutrient availability. The analysis of chemical elements revealed that several metals exceeded permissible limits. In particular, arsenic (As) showed the highest contamination level, reaching values up to 40 times higher than the permissible limit. Chromium (Cr), nickel (Ni), and vanadium (V) concentrations exceeded permissible limits approximately twofold, while lead (Pb), cobalt (Co), and molybdenum (Mo) exceeded them by up to threefold. The calculated SQI values ranged from 49 to 55, indicating moderate soil quality levels. Although soil physicochemical properties were relatively stable, ecological indicators reduced the overall soil quality score. These findings highlight the importance of environmental monitoring and sustainable soil management practices to improve soil ecological conditions and maintain long-term agricultural productivity.

The aim of the study was to estimate the efficiency of a peer-based teaching and cooperative learning intervention in forensic users with a complex neurodivergent profile (Autism Spectrum Disorder, Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder, and intellectual disabilities). The research question was that peer-facilitated learning would increase social communication, emotional regulation, engagement, and self-efficacy and decrease behavioral incidents as compared to usual clinician-facilitated interventions. The quasi-experimental mixed-methods study design was used, including 84 adult forensic service users who were divided into a collaborative learning group (led by peers, n=42) and a control group (led by a clinician, n=42). Psychosocial measurements and institutional behavioral records were used to measure outcomes at a 12-week post-intervention point and six months of follow-up to evaluate the effect of the intervention. There were repeated measures ANOVA, regression, and mediation analyses. Social communication (F (2,162) = 8.94, p &lt; 0.001) and emotional regulation (F (2,162) = 7.63, p &lt;0.01) had significant time x group interaction effects. Big effect sizes in the post-test (Cohen’s d = 1.21 and d = 1.08, respectively) and the gains at follow-up were found. Incidents of behavioral engagement were a significant predictor of behavioral incident reductions (β = −0.42, p &lt; 0.01). The peer-led group showed a 56% decrease in behavioral episodes as compared to 15% in the control group, and continued to improve after six months. Collaborative learning led by peers had a considerable positive impact on socio-emotional functionality and minimized the behavioral risk of neurodivergent forensic service users. Their results suggest the incorporation of neurodiversity-informed, peer-mediated methodology into the context of forensic rehabilitation to promote responsivity, engagement, and desistance in the long run.

In December 2019, a series of acute respiratory illnesses characterized by rapid worsening of symptoms, pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), and in some cases, death were observed in Wuhan City, Hubei Province, China. To achieve the set objective, the results of treatment of 100 sexually mature rats of both sexes with coronavirus infection caused by COVID -19 were analyzed. All animals were divided into groups: Group 1 - animals with coronavirus infection with a confirmed positive PCR test, treated with ivermectin at a dosage of 300 mg of body weight (n = 25), Group 2 - animals with coronavirus infection treated with baicalin at a dosage of 500 mg (n = 25), Group 3 - animals with coronavirus infection treated with molnupiravir 25 mg / kg of body weight (n = 25), Group 4 - animals with coronavirus infection treated with a new drug based on G. lucidum and black cumin (n = 25). Lymphocytic myocarditis was detected in all rats (100%). Dystrophic changes in cardiomyocytes were also detected in 57.4% of cases, apoptotic bodies in 29.41% of cases, uneven cardiomyocyte hypertrophy in 85.29% of cases, and lipofuscinosis in 45.59% of cases. Subendocardial lipomatosis in the cardiac conduction system was observed in 51.47% of cases. The average percentage of lipomatosis area from the micrograph area was 2.47±3.12%. The area under the curve (AUC) = 0.91 (95% CI = 0.85-0.98). The prediction accuracy of the prognostic model was 91.7%, sensitivity was 0.87%, and specificity was 0.95%. AUC was 0.91 (95% CI = 0.85-0.98), p &amp;lt; 0.001.