Tay Bac University

This study aims to evaluate the changes in the content of bioactive compounds and the antioxidant capacity of lotus (Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn.) leaf tea throughout the production process. The results show that leaf age significantly affects the accumulation of bioactive compounds, with mature leaves having the highest total polyphenol content and total flavonoid content. After processing, all tea samples showed increased antioxidant activity due to the heat process, helping to release bound phenolic compounds and inhibit the enzyme polyphenol oxidase. A 10% moisture reduction before fermentation resulted in the highest antioxidant activity (85%), while excessive moisture reduction (> 15%) decreased total polyphenol content and antioxidant activity. The best fermentation conditions were determined to be 40 °C for 5 h. Additionally, the best hot extraction conditions for the finished tea were 95 to 100 °C for 6 to 8 min, which allowed to obtain the highest phenolic content without causing thermal degradation.

This study investigated the effects of short-duration microwave (MW) exposure on growth, photosynthesis, antioxidant activity, and secondary metabolite accumulation in Agastache rugosa cultivated in a deep flow technique hydroponic system. Plants at 14 and 18 days after transplanting were exposed to MW radiation at 200 W for 5, 10, 15, 20, and 25 s, with untreated plants serving as the control. While most vegetative growth parameters were unaffected, MW exposure for 15–25 s significantly increased flower branch number by 9–15% and flower biomass by 9–24% compared with the control. These treatments also enhanced net photosynthetic rate (by up to 53%), chlorophyll a content (by 12%), and total phenolics (by 43–85%) compared with the control. Antioxidant enzyme activities were markedly elevated, with SOD, POD, and CAT increasing by up to 66%, 49%, and 103%, respectively. MW exposure also promoted phytochemical accumulation: total flavonoids increased by 7–11%, and key bioactive compounds such as chlorogenic acid (up to 7.3-fold), tilianin (up to 53%), and rosmarinic acid (up to 42%) were significantly enhanced. These results indicate that short MW exposures of 15–25 s act as an effective elicitation strategy to improve flower development and phytopharmaceutical quality of A. rugosa under controlled cultivation conditions.

This research evaluated garlic extract addition to drinking water on growth performance, hemato-logical characteristics, survivability, and coccidial infection in Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica). There were 500 quails randomly allotted to four groups receiving 0, 1, 2, or 4 mL/L garlic extract for 35 days. Survival improved significantly in all garlic groups, especially 4 mL/L group, which kept 100% survivability within early duration and 99.2% upon termination of the experiment. Weight gain rose considerably with garlic addition, where 4 mL/L group achieved 196.08 ± 1.99 g at 35 days com-pared to 183.22 ± 1.02 g control group. Conversely, daily intake tended to be low in garlic groups, es-pecially in the finishing phase (27–35 days), in support of improved efficiency in feed intake. Hemato-logical findings indicated red blood cell and hemoglobin declined in a dose-related manner, yet white blood count significantly elevated, showing garlic's immunostimulation role. Additionally, shedding of oocyst considerably diminished in garlic-innoculated birds. At 35 days, 4 mL/L group showed 3.6 ± 0.2 log₁₀ oocysts/g feces.oocyst count, whereas 4.9 ± 0.3 log₁₀ were counted in 4 mL/L control, affirming a dose-related anti-coccidial action. These data indicate garlic extract from 2 to 4 mL/L can improve growth, immunity, and disease resistance of Japanese quail without any negative impact effects.

ABSTRACTThis study focuses on the fabrication and optimization of high‐density polyethylene (HDPE) composites reinforced with ceramic waste molds (CWM), aiming to reutilize industrial waste for the development of sustainable construction materials. The effects of three key processing parameters—mixing temperature, mixing speed, and CWM content—were investigated and optimized using response surface methodology (RSM) based on a Box–Behnken design. The optimal processing conditions were identified as a mixing temperature of 175°C, a mixing speed of 50 rpm, and a CWM content of 20 wt.%. Under these conditions, the composite exhibited a tensile strength of approximately 24.57 ± 0.12 MPa, an elongation at break of around 579.42 ± 0.97%, and a stable torque of 16.0 ± 0.10 Nm, with experimental deviations of less than 2.6% from the predicted model. The developed quadratic regression models showed high goodness of fit (R2 > 0.99), confirming their strong predictive capability. These findings demonstrate that CWM can serve as a reliable inorganic filler for HDPE matrices, enhancing mechanical properties and thermal stability while maintaining excellent processability. The optimized composites show promising potential for applications in eco‐friendly construction materials, including paving tiles, insulation panels, and structural packaging. These results confirm the innovation of using CWM as an eco‐friendly filler and highlight its industrial feasibility, contributing to sustainable materials development aligned with circular economy principles.

The study investigated the plant growth-promoting (PGP) characteristics of culturable endophytic bacteria associated with a rhizomatous perennial flatsedge (Cyperus sp.) native to Hochiminh City, Vietnam. Among the six bacteria isolated, strain GH3 demonstrated the highest potency in solubilizing phosphate and producing ammonia and IAA. Genomic analysis identified strain GH3 as Ochrobactrum intermedium, showing 97.87% ANI and 86.85% alignment to GTDB reference databases. Functional annotation revealed GH3's capabilities in secondary metabolism, iron acquisition, and osmotic stress tolerance. It exhibited potential phosphate solubilization (51.33 mg/L), ammonium (2.66 mg/L), siderophore (23.50%), and IAA (12.56 mg/L) production under stress conditions. The application of strain GH3 influenced growth in rice and tomato. In rice, SL were enhanced in DT8 (27%) and ST25 (54%). Leaf emergence was stable in rice DT8 and tomato, but increased by 28.2% in rice ST25. LRN was increased in rice DT8 (34.9%) and tomato (67.2%), with no change in rice ST25. PRL extended moderately in tomato (16.9%) and rice ST25 (15.2%), but not in rice DT8, while LRL decreased in rice DT8 (-10.9%) and ST25 (-31.4%). Moreover, improvement in biomass parameters emphasized GH3's potential in biomass enhancement with species-specific effects. This study highlights the promising PGP potential of endophytic O. intermedium GH3, which could aid sustainable agriculture amid climate change. It is the first investigation into O. intermedium isolated from Cyperus species, and the first report of O. intermedium in Vietnam, offering valuable contributions to our understanding of microbial interactions within Vietnam's unique flora.

Southern Vietnam’s cultural aspects have recently been well studied by many researchers and scholars. However, the cognitive domain of WATER/RIVER, especially in the Southern folk songs has not been paid much attention in those studies. This paper explores the cognitive domain of WATER/RIVER in the culture of the South of Vietnam. The results of this study identify some cognitive domains related to water/river such as domains RIVER; WATER, FISH AND FISHING; BOATS AND SHIPS and clarify that Southerners have reflected themselves on the water/river environment and regional nature of the South. To this end, our study helps readers identify the value of Southern regional cultural identities and the close relationship between “language - thinking and culture” through a specific genre - Southern folk songs.

Hội nhập văn hóa vật chất của người Tày và Nùng tại huyện Bắc Sơn, tỉnh Lạng Sơn, đang đối mặt với nguy cơ mai một dưới tác động của các yếu tố kinh tế, xã hội và văn hóa ngoại lai. Nghiên cứu này nhằm làm rõ những giá trị đặc sắc của văn hóa vật chất, bao gồm kiến trúc nhà ở, trang phục, ẩm thực và nghề thủ công, đồng thời nhận diện những thách thức và đề xuất giải pháp bảo tồn phù hợp. Sử dụng phương pháp điền dã dân tộc học, phân tích tài liệu và phỏng vấn sâu, nghiên cứu đã thu thập được các dữ liệu quan trọng về sự thích ứng của các dân tộc với điều kiện tự nhiên và những biến đổi văn hóa qua thời gian. Kết quả cho thấy kiến trúc nhà ở của người Tày và Nùng phản ánh sự gắn kết với thiên nhiên, trong khi trang phục và ẩm thực truyền thống vẫn giữ được giá trị bản sắc dù chịu ảnh hưởng từ sự phát triển kinh tế. Tuy nhiên, sự suy giảm nghề thủ công, thay đổi lối sống và áp lực từ hội nhập đặt ra thách thức lớn đối với việc bảo tồn văn hóa vật chất.