Tchaikovsky State Institute of Physical Culture

This article examines the most important provisions of Plato's concept of the image, in which the philosopher carefully separates the image (eikon) and the pseudo-image (phantasma), which allows Plato to identify the ontological status of the image and thereby link it with the integrity of the universe. The Platonic concept of the image is considered in the following aspects: image and pseudo-image; image in relation to an idea and a thing; image as a pictorial image; natural (not man-made) image; medial image; geometric image. The problem of similarity, which includes the problem of the involvement of things in ideas, remained explicitly unresolved for Plato. The article suggests what place Kant's teaching (which often appealed to Plato) on transcendental schemes of imagination can occupy in understanding this problem. Some variations of Plato's theme of the image in subsequent culture are considered: understanding of image-making as an ontological process; "studies of the visual", referring in the theory of the image to the theme of the invisible; the tendency of deanthropomorphization in the art of minimalism of the 20th century. The main methodological principle of the study is the hermeneutic principle of "better understanding", which includes not only reconstruction, but also the construction of meaning. The theme of the image in Plato's philosophy is interesting and relevant today in the context of those influences, sometimes indirect, that the subsequent evolution of thought and culture experienced and absorbed. In this regard, the author refers to the Plato's concept of the image, to Kant's teaching on transcendental schemes of imagination and other topics. This makes it possible to include the Platonic concept of the image in subsequent clearly related concepts (in particular, in modern "visual studies") and cultural practices (in particular, the art of minimalism of the 20th century) in order to "better understand" them (the hermeneutic principle), as well as "better understand" some problematic aspects of the Platonic theory of ideas (in particular, the problem of the similarity of a thing and an idea, the connection of Plato's theory of ideas with geometry).

The research methodology implies a philosophical reflection on the specific properties of "everyday theatricality" in the context of analyzing certain pathological patterns of thinking (personality disorders). Pathological patterns of human thinking contribute to an exaggerated manifestation of the "theatrical" nature of a person and, for this reason, represent a unique opportunity for a deep understanding of the key characteristics inherent in the phenomenon of "everyday theatricality." The subject of the research is the philosophical contemplation of the phenomenon of "everyday theatricality" in the context of its possible pathological variations (for example, multiple personality syndrome and histrionic pathology). The work raises the issue of the genesis of the phenomenon and emphasizes the connection between the "theatrical" nature of a person and the psyche. The article develops a thesis that not only in everyday situations but also in conditions of personal dissociation, it is the dramatic behavior and tools of "theatricality" that help to adapt to the surrounding world, form a self-image as a "persona," and maintain a sense of emotional security. Among the methods, it is worth noting the analytical, critical, descriptive, interpretative, comparative methods, the method of analogy, and an interdisciplinary approach. The novelty of the work lies in addressing certain pathological patterns of thinking with subsequent philosophical reflection on examples of dissociative personality disorders from the perspective of dramatic tools for mastering reality, theatrical means of expression as instruments of human adaptation and internal protection. This approach allows for a deep, holistic, and multi-faceted understanding of the phenomenon of "everyday theatricality." Philosophical reflection has allowed for some conclusions to be formulated: 1) the "theatrical" nature of a person is difficult to conceive outside the psyche, of which it is likely a segment; 2) the connection between the psyche and "theatricality" is determined by biological and psychological types of reflections, the strength of adaptation, and behavior; 3) a reference to the biography of Ludwig II of Bavaria highlighted the adaptive power of imagination, dreams, role behavior, as well as "escaping" from reality through theatrical means of substitution; 4) a reference to the biography of Billy Milligan emphasized the adaptive power of an internal dynamic communication space, mimicry, dramatic representation, role behavior, and the strength of imagination as unique qualities inherent in "everyday theatricality"; 5) the analysis of individual dissociative pathologies demonstrated the demand for "stage," dramatic means of expression for compensation, protection, and adaptation of the patient to difficult life circumstances.

Purposeof the study isto develop and experimentally justify the design of the training process of ski jumpers, whichis based on the control of body composition and control of physical fitness.Materials & methods: the study involved qualified athletes (n=47, 20 young women and 27 young men aged 181.56 years). The experiment took place during 2019 on the basis of the Federal training center for winter sports "snowflake" named after A. A. Danilova (Tchaikovsky city, Russia). Bioelectrical impedance analysis was performed on the basis of a hardware analyzer of body composition "InBody 720". Functional diagnostics was carried out with the use of medical diagnostic software and hardware complex "Esteck system complex". Pedagogical testing was carried out based on 8 tests. To assess the static balance the following tests were used: the balance of the frontal and sagittal position of the body on the board for the duration. Flexibility was assessed by exercises: tilt forward, determination of the angle of flexion of the ankle. Assessment of motor coordination abilities was carried out to assess coordination abilities in rectilinear motion ("barriers") and in curvilinear motion ("eight"). In order to monitor the speed and strength endurance, jumping over the bench and exercise "plank"were used. Determining the speed and power indicators: long andtriplelong jumpwere evaluated. The results were recorded in a specially designed individual athlete card.Results: experimental means of control of body composition within the season allowed to reach the reference values of the component composition of the body and increase the level of special physical training and improveathletic performance. Athletes showed a remarkable increase in the results of motor coordination and speed-power abilities, static balance, speed and strength endurance. Among young men significant differences were revealed in control exercises such as: balance sagittal body position on the board, exercise "eight", long jump, exercise "plank". Amongyoung women, significant changes were obtained in control exercises: balance of the frontal position of the body on the board, jumping over the bench, exercise "plank" with emphasis on the forearm. Conclusion: the training of qualified ski jumpers should be carried out taking into account the body composition and physical fitness of the athlete. The main means of optimizing the training process of ski jumpers should be an individual athlete's card. On the basis of data of the individual card of the athlete the strategy of training process is developed.

At the moment many experts, coaches and athletes in ski jumping are focused on search of the most effective ways allowing to increase quality of the training process. At the same time computer technologies are integral part of sport for a long time and are actively used in ski jumping. The aim of the research was to analyze the indicators of the Russian national team in ski jumping members technical fitness on the basis of information database. Examples of the technical fitness analysis are shown on three athletes of the Russian national team who took part in the Winter Olympic Games in Sochi. It is established that the athlete M.M. has erred in flight and contact landing phases (he has insufficiently inclined his trunk). The athlete I.H. has erred in non-contact take-off, flight and contact landing phases (insufficient extension of ankle joint and trunk bending).