Techno India University

This chapter discusses the difficulties and challenges of applying sustainable logging innovation in heritage cities, wherein economic effectiveness has to be regulated against cultural maintenance. It uses a qualitative, exploratory research methodology, combining policy reviews, interviews with stakeholders, and a comparative case study of cities like Kyoto, Florence, Varanasi, and Cartagena. Among the solutions identified during the analysis are micro-distribution hubs, cargo bikes, time-constrained regimes of deliveries, and digital coordination tools, with their potential to ease congestion, decrease emissions, and preserve historic infrastructure. Results highlight the significance of communal involvement, appreciation of culture, and shared governance. The recent research provides policymakers, businesses, and planners with strategies on how to build adjusting and heritage-flexible logistics frameworks to improve sustainability and protect cultural identity.

ABSTRACT Freshwater fish and fish products are popular and widely consumed globally, including in India. The aquatic environment has a significant influence on the gut microbiota of fish produced in it and serves as a crucial indicator of food safety and quality. This study investigated and compared the gut microbial community composition of Rohu ( Labeo rohita ) sourced locally from Kolkata, West Bengal, India (i.e., local fish) and imported from Andhra Pradesh, India (i.e., non‐local fish), as well as the prevalence of antibiotic‐resistance genes (ARGs) in both. The gut microbiota in both groups was predominantly composed of Proteobacteria (79.9% in local fish and 71.6% in non‐local fish). Species‐level analysis indicated several Aeromonas spp. dominated the fish gut, while the relative abundance of Enterococcus hermanniensis was significantly ( p < 0.05) different between local and non‐local groups. Distinct antibiotic resistance genes were identified in the gut microbiota of local and non‐local fish, suggesting that regional variations in antibiotic usage and environmental conditions may shape resistance patterns. The high abundance of pathogenic species and the prevalence of ARGs in fish gut microbiota raise serious concerns about the consumption of these fish, which might pose significant human health risks.

Significance The liposomal formulation reveals a safe, sustained, and efficient ocular drug delivery to improve the therapeutic potential of dorozolamide hydrochloride in glaucoma treatment. Objective A liposomal formulation of Dorzolamide hydrochloride was developed and evaluated for sustained ocular delivery with improved permeation and safety. Methods Liposomes were prepared using the thin-film hydration method and optimized through a 32 full factorial design, analyzing the effects of phosphatidylcholine and cholesterol on entrapment efficiency and drug release via response surface methodology. Results The optimized formulation, containing 200 mg phosphatidylcholine and 40 mg cholesterol, exhibited a vesicle size of 98.22 ± 10.03 nm, zeta potential of −21.53 ± 1.02 mV, and high entrapment efficiency (97.5%). In vitro studies confirmed sustained drug release over 8 h, while ex vivo transcorneal permeation was 1.8 times greater than that of marketed eye drops. Safety assessments using Hen’s Egg Test–Chorioallantoic Membrane(HET-CAM) and Draize tests established the formulation as nonirritant and isotonic. Conclusion Overall, the liposomal system significantly enhanced ocular bioavailability and demonstrated potential as a safe and effective option for long-term glaucoma therapy.

ABSTRACT A multi-secret sharing (MSS) scheme enables distribution of several secrets among a set of participants, such that only well-defined subsets of participants are authorized to recover the secrets. A multi-secret sharing scheme is verifiable (VMSS) if cheating detection and cheater identification are achievable in the process. Cheating detection ensures the correctness of shares and reconstructed secrets, while cheater identification reveals dishonest entities. These may include (1) the dealer distributing incorrect shares, (2) participants submitting fake shares during recovery, or (3) a malicious combiner impersonating the genuine one to collect shares and reconstruct secrets. Most existing VMSS schemes assume the dealer and participants can act dishonestly, whereas the combiner is considered fully trusted. However, an adversary could impersonate the combiner, send fraudulent requests to participants, and gather sufficient shares to recover the secrets. To the best of our knowledge, few studies have examined verification of the combiner. This paper proposes a verifiable threshold multi-secret sharing scheme that achieves cheating detection, cheater identification, and verification of both participants and the combiner, while also preventing dealer misbehavior. The scheme allows secure use of public channels and relies on elliptic curve cryptography (ECC) and the hardness of the elliptic curve discrete logarithm problem (ECDLP).