Tempe Union High School District

Early life adversity (ELA) can have lasting effects on evolutionary fitness (e.g., the number of surviving offspring an animal produces); however, the paths connecting ELA to fitness-for example by influencing growth, reproductive timing or rate, or trade-offs between these processes-remain unclear. Leveraging long-term behavioral, physiological, and demographic data from 2,100 female rhesus macaques, we found that ELA-exposed females exhibited growth and reproductive schedules associated with less-optimal lifetime fitness outcomes. Further, ELA intensified trade-offs between growth and reproduction, suggesting that affected individuals face steeper energetic constraints. Our findings highlight the long-lasting impacts of ELA on traits of evolutionary and biomedical importance in a non-human primate model with relevance to humans.

The article explores the application of cluster analysis in improving personalization strategies in marketing and other business areas aimed at tailoring offerings to user needs. The objective of the study is to analyze methods by which clustering facilitates accurate customer segmentation and the development of individualized interaction strategies. Various clustering algorithms, such as hierarchical clustering and the K-means method, were evaluated for grouping customers based on similarities in consumer preferences, behavior, and demographic data. The methodological foundation of the article is based on the analysis of scientific literature, enabling an exploration of how cluster analysis identifies user preferences and improves prediction accuracy. The integration of this method into existing recommendation systems is demonstrated, highlighting its ability to enhance the precision of suggestions. Results indicate that cluster analysis improves the customer experience and increases company profitability by enhancing the effectiveness of marketing strategies targeted at specific user groups. The material is intended for data analysts, marketers, product managers, developers of personalization systems, and those involved in creating and implementing recommendation solutions. In conclusion, the application of cluster analysis confirms its effectiveness in optimizing personalized strategies, allowing for audience segmentation and the development of offerings that accurately address user interests.

Background: We developed a quality improvement project to increase the uptake of SGLT2i therapy in patients with comorbid chronic kidney disease and heart failure (CKD/HF) participating in a value-based care model with Panoramic Health. Methods: Patients with CKD/HF and SGLT2i penetration were identified using data from both claims and electronic medical records (EMR). A prescription was defined as at least one prescription written within the past year, or an SGLT2i on the EMR medication list. We then undertook several interventions to increase appropriate prescribing rates. After executing a physician survey to gauge baseline knowledge, we conducted physician education about the efficacy and safety of SGLT2i medications. The Panoramic Health pharmacy team identified patient candidates and notified physicians prior to their next scheduled appointment. Practice-level SGLT2i prescribing rates were reported monthly to practice leaders. Outcomes metrics included SGLT2i prescriptions and inpatient admissions, expressed as admissions per 1000 patients (IP/1K). Results: The initial rate of SGLT2i utilization in the target population was 16.1%. After five months of the described interventions, rates increased to 24.5% across participating Panoramic Heath partner practices, with some practices achieving rates as high as 50%. All-cause hospital admissions remained, on average, 11% lower (IP/1K of 964 vs. 1070) in patients prescribed an SGLT2i compared to those who were not. This trend persisted as the proportion of patients receiving SGLT2i increased. We also tracked physician responses to pharmacist outreach. 19.7% of messages led to a new prescription. The most common reasons given for not prescribing were “defer to PCP,” “frequent UTIs” and “does not meet criteria.” Conclusion: SGLT2i prescribing rates are an important metric in any value-based program. While this simple intervention has a near-immediate impact on inpatient admissions, uptake has been slow. Our physician partners responded to education delivered by peers and directed outreach on individual patients. However, therapeutic inertia and concern for potential side effects continue to pose challenges to increased adoption. Funding: Commercial Support - AstraZeneca

Taken together, our data support a mechanism where the regulatory loop and inhibitory phosphorylation of the loop reduce the affinity of eEF-2K for CaM, potentially explaining how eEF-2K activity is suppressed under normal cellular conditions.Our data also reveals that activation of the cellular enzyme via starvation is correlated with the removal of inhibitory phosphorylations and a significant increase in the affinity of eEF-2K for CaM.These findings give insight into the regulatory mechanisms that allow eEF-2K to remarkably integrate signals from upstream nutrient and energy-sensing cellular pathways to ultimately control protein synthesis rates.

of Arizona.ENGR 102 HS is an AP-type, dual credit college level, introductory engineering course offered to high school students.In 2014, the ENGR 102 HS program won the ASEE best practices in K-12 and University partnerships award.Over the years Rogers has developed K-12 science summer camps, conducted K-12 educational research, developed engineering curricula for formal and informal

This paper responds to the research question, “can urban farming in Nepal help create sustainable cities?” Especially after the COVID-19 pandemic, urban residents have begun to realize that food transported from long distances is not always reliable. Urban farming can help produce fresh food locally and help urban residents become self-reliant by engaging in healthy eating habits and practicing sustainable agricultural techniques in food-desert areas, while creating a positive impact on the environment through regenerative agricultural methods. In doing so, urban farms can help the growers save on food expenditures and even earn some additional income, while also improving air quality and minimizing the effects of urban heat islands. This practice also helps reduce greenhouse gases through plant carbon use efficiency (CUE), as vegetation carbon dynamics (VCD) can be adjusted while supporting the circular economy. As urban lands command higher prices than agricultural land, urban farming usually happens on residential yards, roofs, balconies, community gardens, and dedicated areas in public parks. Rainwater harvesting and redirecting can help irrigate urban farms, which can be part of rain gardens. The national census of 2021 identified that 66% of Nepal’s population lives in urban areas. However, the World Bank (2018) showed that only 21 of Nepal’s population was projected to live in urban areas in 2021. It is not debatable that the urbanization process in Nepal is on the rise. Thus, urban agriculture can play an important role in supplementing residents’ food needs. Many cities in Nepal have already successfully adapted to urban farming wherein residents grow food on their building sites, balconies, and rooftop, often growing plants in pots, vases, and other types of containers. The UN-Habitat, with the support of the European Union and local agencies, published a rooftop farming training manual (2014), showing the feasibility of urban farming in Nepal. This paper discusses how public-private partnership (PPP) can promote urban agriculture and make the process more effective and attractive to urban-farming households. It also analyzes how a PPP approach also facilitates the use of better technology, advisory support, and use of research extension activities. This paper draws on a literature review, uses remote-sensing imagery data and data from National Census Nepal 2021, and the authors’ professional experiences related to best practices in the areas to analyze the benefits and challenges related to urban farming both in Nepal and Arizona, USA. The paper provides recommendations for Nepali cities to maximize the benefit provided by urban farming. It is expected to be useful to Nepali policymakers, government agencies, and nonprofit organizations which promote sustainability, and organic farming with a sustainable supply chain.

Geotechnical engineers should be considered key members of any project design team. Regardless of the selection criteria, the design team should add value and aim to minimize risk and unnecessary expenses during the project pursuit. The uncertainty of ground conditions and soil performance can often lead to increased risk and unnecessary added expense. Geotechnical engineers can bring value to the design-build team by identifying critical geotechnical components, communicating risks, and providing solutions to improve design efficiency, which should reduce construction costs. Early engagement and proactive communication are important to sharing information and the identification of risk to the design build team during the pursuit. The Interstate 270 (I-270) North Design Build Project is an example of how engaged geotechnical engineers can help develop a winning proposal and increase the chances of team success. This paper makes a case for early geotechnical engineering project involvement, the need for adequate exploration and testing data, and for continued geotechnical engineering involvement during the design and construction phases.

Based on theoretical frameworks of scientist stereotypes, possible selves, and science identity, written assignments were developed to teach science content through biographies and research of counter-stereotypical scientists—Scientist Spotlights (www.scientistspotlights.org). Previous studies on Scientist Spotlight assignments showed significant shifts in how college-level biology students relate to and describe scientists and in their performance in biology courses. However, the outcomes of Scientist Spotlight assignments in secondary schools were yet to be explored. In collaboration with 18 science teachers from 12 schools, this study assessed the impacts of Scientist Spotlight assignments for secondary school students. We used published assessment tools: Relatability prompt; Stereotypes prompt; and Performance/Competence, Interest, and Recognition (PCIR) instrument. Statistical analyses compared students’ responses before and after receiving at least three Scientist Spotlight assignments. We observed significant shifts in students’ relatability to and descriptions of scientists as well as other science identity measures. Importantly, disaggregating classes by implementation strategies revealed that students’ relatability shifts were significant for teachers reporting in-class discussions and not significant for teachers reporting no discussions. Our findings raise questions about contextual and pedagogical influences shaping student outcomes with Scientist Spotlight assignments, like how noncontent Instructor Talk might foster student shifts in aspects of science identity.

Abstract The RAS/RAF/MEK/ERK1/2 intracellular signaling pathway is activated by numerous cues during brain development and dysregulated in neurodevelopmental syndromes, particularly the RASopathies and certain forms of autism. Cortical excitatory/inhibitory imbalance is thought to be critical in the neuropathogenesis of these conditions. However, the developmental functions of ERK1/2 signaling in cortical inhibitory neurons (CINs) and other medial ganglionic eminence (MGE)-derived non-neuronal cells are poorly understood. Here, we genetically modulated ERK1/2 signaling in mouse MGE neural progenitors or GABAergic neurons in vivo. We find that MEK-ERK1/2 signaling is essential for regulating MGE-derived oligodendrocyte number in the anterior commissure. WhileErk1/2inactivation does not alter CIN number, we discovered a significant and persistent reduction in somatostatin, but not parvalbumin, expression in a subset of CINs. ERK1/2 signaling is also necessary for chemogenetic activity-dependent FOSB expression in CINs in vivo. Interestingly, one week of chronic chemogenetic stimulation in juvenile or adult animals partially rescues the decrease in somatostatin expression inErk1/2mutant CINs. Our data demonstrate ERK1/2 signaling is required for the establishment of MGE-derived glia, whereas in CINs, ERK1/2 drives activity dependent-responses and the expression of somatostatin in a subset of neurons.