Temper (United States)

Conversion-type anode materials show significant potential for advancing next-generation lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). This study involved the synthesis and comprehensive investigation of Li4WO5 and molybdenum-substituted Li4W1–xMoxO5 (x = 0.1, 0.2) regarding their electrochemical properties. Raman spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction validated the establishment of orthorhombic crystal formations. Galvanostatic charge–discharge assessments at 0.1 and 0.3 C demonstrated that molybdenum substitution markedly improved both specific capacity and energy density. The Li4W1–xMoxO5 (x = 0.2) sample exhibited the maximum discharge capacity of 415.16 mAh g–1 and an energy density of 232.48 Wh kg–1 at a rate of 0.1 C. Cyclic voltammetry demonstrated enhanced Li+ transport, with diffusion coefficients aligning with GITT findings. Ex situ SEM study further validated that Mo inclusion improves structural integrity and cycle stability. XPS Studies also indicate the presence of all the elements involved in electrochemical reactions. Upon cycling, the Mo-doped Li4WO5 has superior electrochemical performance, indicating significant potential as a high-energy anode material for improved lithium-ion batteries.

The optimization of CuNi2Si1 alloy's mechanical and electrical properties was achieved through a combination of experimental approaches and metaheuristic algorithms. Optimizing hardness and electrical conductivity through a variation in aging temperature (450-600 °C) and aging duration (1-420 min) was taken under consideration in the present work. Cold rolling with 50% strain after solution annealing aided in microstructure refinement and accelerated Ni2Si precipitates' development, and property improvement increased. Optimum temperature and holding period were 450 °C and 30 min, respectively, with 266 HV and 13 MS/m and 167 HV and 11.2 MS/m for non-deformed samples, respectively. SPBO, genetic algorithm (GA), and particle swarm optimization (PSO) metaheuristic algorithms were considered, and SPBO exhibited the best prediction accuracy. SPBO predicted 450 °C for 61.75 min, and experimental testing exhibited 267 HV and 14 MS/m, respectively. Polynomial regressions with 0.98 and 0.96 values for R2 confirmed these values' accuracy. According to this work, computational optimization proves effective in optimizing development and property tailoring for application in industries including aerospace and electrical engineering.

Generally, the dissipationless Hall effect in solids requires time-reversal symmetry breaking (TRSB), where TRSB induced by external magnetic field results in the ordinary Hall effect, while TRSB caused by spontaneous magnetization gives rise to the anomalous Hall effect (AHE) which scales with the net magnetization. The AHE is therefore not expected in antiferromagnets with vanishing small magnetization. However, large AHE was recently observed in certain antiferromagnets with noncollinear spin structure and nonvanishing Berry curvature. Here, we report another origin of AHE in a layered antiferromagnet EuAl_{2}Si_{2}, namely, the domain wall (DW) skew scattering with Weyl points near the Fermi level, in experiments for the first time. Interestingly, the DWs form a unique periodic stripe structure with controllable periodicity by external magnetic field, which decreases nearly monotonically from 975nm at 0T to 232nm at 4T. Electrons incident on DW with topological bound states experience strong asymmetric scattering, leading to a giant AHE, with the DW Hall conductivity (DWHC) at 2K and 1.2T reaching a record value of ∼1.51×10^{4} Scm^{-1} among bulk systems and being 2 orders of magnitude larger than the intrinsic anomalous Hall conductivity. The observation not only sets a new paradigm for exploration of large anomalous Hall effect, but also provides potential applications in spintronic devices.

In a continuous casting process, the clogging of the immersion nozzle with inclusions occurs as a result of the adhesion, agglomeration, and coalescence of inclusions. The most effective way to understand the behavior of inclusions, i.e. oxide particles, in a liquid steel is the in-situ observation. To our knowledge, however, there is no research on the in-situ observation of the behavior of oxide particles in a liquid steel. In the present work, therefore, the in-situ observation method for sintering interface between Al 2 O 3 particle / single crystalline Al 2 O 3 plate by laser microscope through single crystalline Al 2 O 3 plate is proposed. First, the in-situ observation of sintering interface between Al 2 O 3 particle and single crystalline Al 2 O 3 in Ar atmosphere is conducted to verify the observation method for the interface through single crystalline Al 2 O 3 plate. Then, the in-situ observation of sintering interface between Al 2 O 3 particle and single crystalline Al 2 O 3 in a liquid Ag is challenged. The observations for sintering interface between Al 2 O 3 particle and single crystalline Al 2 O 3 plate in Ar gas atmosphere and a liquid Ag are achieved by our proposed method. It is verified that the growth of sintering interface in liquid Ag is faster than that in an Ar gas atmosphere. This finding indicates that the non-wetting by liquid Ag of alumina particles promotes the growth of sintering interface in liquid Ag.

Thermodynamic challenges of using magnetic resonance thermometry (MRT) in measuring in vivo temperatures and estimating thermal damage are explored using computational methods in tissues experiencing strong spatial and temporal temperature gradients. Results show that the presence of strong spatio-temporal intra-voxel temperature variations may adversely affect the ability of the MRT in "measuring" the peak temperature in a voxel and estimating thermal damage in a temperature and thermometry parameters dependent way. For example, for the peak source temperature of 100 °C, the minimum spatial temperature drop, within 1 mm from the source, is estimated to be between ~12.7 to ~5.1 °C, for the heating duration between 60 and 960 seconds, and ramp time to peak temperature of 1 second. The spatial temperature is estimated to drop further to between ~50.4 and ~23.6 °C within 5 mm from the source. Resulting peak tissue temperature underestimation of ~20 °C may result in an underestimation of ~3–6 mm of damage in the direction normal to the heat source. Quantification of these underestimations in peak tissue temperature and thermal damage is necessary to induce desired tissue temperature and thermal damage to perform safe and effective thermal treatment.

Abstract The internal body temperature change in a human body immersed in water post-mortem was studied in regards to variables such as level of immersion and body type/build to determine the effect of water on the temperature change and to better understand the role of the temperature change in estimating time since death. The temperature change was computed by solving the conduction energy equation in three whole-body human models (114.2 kg male, 78.91 kg male, 56.69 kg female) for up to 10 hours post-mortem. Three main comparisons are made regarding the effect of water on body temperature: different environments (air vs. water), various levels of immersion (up to neck vs. pelvis), and the difference between body types. The findings revealed that ambient environment (e.g., air vs water, level of water immersion) may significantly and nonuniformly influence internal body temperature change over time. Further, the internal body temperature change may depend on body type/build.