Texas Board of Nursing

Male breast cancer (BC) is a rare but clinically significant disease, accounting for approximately 1% of all BC diagnoses. This article examines the unique risk factors, including genetic mutations (such as BRCA2), hormonal influences, and social determinants of health that contribute to the incidence of BC in males. In addition, this article highlights the need for improved awareness, targeted screening, and tailored treatment strategies to address the distinct challenges faced by male patients with BC.

Pregnant people who smoke constitute a uniquely vulnerable population likely to be impacted by a menthol cigarette (MC) ban. However, there are no published reports of the prevalence of prenatal MC use in a nationally representative US sample including racial andethnic disparities and associated characteristics. Participants were 1245 US pregnant people who smoked MC or non-MC (NMC) in the past 30 days from the 2010-2019 National Survey on Drug Use and Health. Prevalence of past 30-day MC use was determined; weighted sociodemographic characteristics, tobacco use, and substance co-use were compared across MC and NMC groups and in multivariable analyses. The prevalence of MC use among pregnant people who smoked was 52.29% (95% CI: 48.17, 56.41) overall and 92.23% (95% CI: 87.74 to 96.73) among non-Hispanic Black pregnant people who smoked. A greater proportion of pregnant people who used MCs (vs NMCs) were non-Hispanic Black or Hispanic, unmarried, sexual minorities, from a large metropolitan area, smoked fewer cigarettes per day and reported later age of initiation. In multivariable analyses, only non-Hispanic Black race remained a significant predictor of MC use; non-Hispanic Black (vs non-Hispanic White) pregnant people who smoked showed 13.88 times (95% CI: 6.30 to 30.58) greater odds of MC use (p < .01). This is the first study to determine the prevalence and correlates of prenatal MC use in a nationally representative US sample. Given the known causal impacts of prenatal smoking on maternal and infant morbidity, results suggest that the planned menthol ban offers opportunities for improving maternal and infant health. Using a nationally representative US sample, this study highlights that more than half of pregnant people who smoke and nearly all of Black pregnant people who smoke in the US use menthol cigarettes. Given high rates of menthol cigarette use and causal links between prenatal cigarette use and maternal and infant morbidity, the menthol cigarette ban proposed by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) offers a potential opportunity to develop tailored education and intervention strategies to improve perinatal and infant health.

Studies have explored the connections between tobacco use, sleep and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risks in adults, but no study has examined the link between tobacco use and sleep among adults with CVDs. This study explores the association between tobacco use (cigarette only, e-cigarette only, and dual use) and poor sleep duration among adults with CVDs. A sample of 47,180 US adults with CVDs (myocardial infarction, coronary heart disease, or stroke) was drawn from the 2022 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) cross-sectional survey. Poor/inadequate sleep (< 7h/24-hour) was defined based on National Sleep Foundation recommendations. Logistic regression models assessed tobacco use status across seven categories (i.e., non-use [reference], current [past-month use] cigarette only, current e-cigarettes only, current dual use, former cigarette only, former e-cigarette only, and former dual use) with inadequate sleep, adjusting for demographics and health conditions. Overall, 40% of US adults with a history of CVD reported inadequate sleep. Current cigarette, e-cigarette, and dual use were associated with a relatively higher proportion of inadequate sleep duration. Unweighted findings revealed a significant association between current cigarette use (OR = 1.35, 95%CI: 1.26-1.44), e-cigarette use (1.40 [1.19-1.63]) and dual use (1.50 [1.27-1.77]) and increased odds of reporting inadequate sleep among adults with CVDs. Weighted analysis showed only a significant link between current cigarette use and inadequate sleep (1.34 [1.17-1.54]). Current cigarette use is associated with poor sleep in adults with CVDs. Unweighted findings suggested a similar association for e-cigarettes. Interventions targeting smoking cessation may offer promising avenues for improving sleep health and reducing the burden on adults with CVDs.

Traditional perspectives on education have long stressed the importance of cognitive ability and academic skill development. This chapter provides a description of the major structures of the brain, along with the various regions that develop over time and contribute to emotional processing. This will be followed by a discussion of how emotional intelligence and the neuroscience of emotions intersect with social emotional learning (SEL). Brain development begins early in gestation and continues into adulthood. There are four major structures of the brain that form the hierarchy of learning: the brain stem, the limbic system, the cortex, and the cerebellum. Brain development and its relationship with cognitive and emotional processes have significant implications for the support of SEL in educating young people. Advances in the neuroscience of emotions emphasize that connections between cognitive and emotional functions “have the potential to revolutionize our understanding of learning in the context of schools”.

ABSTRACTRising costs of conducting research coupled with limited budgets are forcing researchers to use samples of convenience. Students represent one such sample, but are students an appropriate population? The objective is to ascertain how students’ willingness to pay (WTP) differs from the general public’s WTP. Students and county residents are surveyed. Results suggest the study’s goal may determine if student responses are generalizable to the general population. The samples are similar in many characteristics, but WTP amounts vary. The student samples show some inconsistencies. If the goal is general behavioural inferences, the results provide support for the use of students. If the goal is to estimate specific WTPs for use in policy analysis, the use of students may not be advisable.

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