The Baum Foundation

Despite an increase in adolescent use of electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS), little is known about the role of tobacco control policies on ENDS use. For aim 1, we examined how trends in adolescent use of cigarettes were affected by the introduction of ENDS; for aim 2, we examined the associations between ENDS age restrictions, cigarette taxes, and smoke-free legislation and adolescent use of ENDS and cigarettes. Repeated cross-sections of the 1999-2015 Youth Risk Behavior Surveys linked to state-level tobacco control policies. 938 486 adolescents aged 14 to 18 years from 45 states. For aim 1, we examined adolescent use of cigarettes. For aim 2, we examined adolescent use of ENDS, only ENDS, and cigarettes. We found there was an overall decreasing trend in adolescent use of cigarettes, but the actual decline was greater than the predicted decline for 17- and 18-year-olds. While we found no associations between ENDS use and ENDS age restrictions or cigarette taxes, ENDS use was 3.8 percentage points higher in those states with smoke-free legislation for combustible tobacco products. Our findings highlight that ENDS age restrictions may not be adequate to curb ENDS use and additional local- and state-level policies governing ENDS are needed.