The Dialogue

Oral semaglutide (Wegovy) is the first oral glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist to be approved for weight loss. Warnings and adverse effects remain the same for oral semaglutide as for subcutaneous semaglutide. Nurses should teach patients how to take oral semaglutide daily to promote absorption of the drug and prevent drug interactions.

We present a series of interdisciplinary chemistry–geography activities carried out with middle and high school students, focusing on the topic of acid rain and its environmental impact. The educational approach aimed to integrate theoretical knowledge from chemistry (chemical reactions, pH, acidic oxides, air pollution) with concepts from geography (climate, atmospheric circulation, spatial distribution of pollution, effects on ecosystems and human settlements), in order to develop a comprehensive understanding of the phenomenon. The activities included laboratory experiments for measuring the pH of real or simulated rainwater, as well as simulations of the effects of acid rain on soil, plants, and different materials. From a geographical perspective, students analyzed thematic maps showing industrial areas, major emission sources, and regions most affected by acid rain, correlating chemical data with climatic and geographic factors. In addition, case studies and small group projects were conducted, focusing on the impact of acid rain in different regions of Europe. The results of these activities highlighted an increased student interest in environmental issues, an improved ability to make connections between scientific disciplines, and a more applied understanding of the relationship between human activities and natural processes.

O vegetarianismo é a corrente dietética que estipula a alimentação exclusivamente vegetal. O artigo busca responder se uma alimentação vegetariana pode resolver o problema de insegurança alimentar. Realizou-se uma simulação com um grupo de três refeições principais (café da manhã, almoço e janta) ao longo de um dia revelando as quantidades calóricas, níveis de proteína e custos. Os benefícios da alimentação à base de vegetais são notórios, assim como uma forma de prevenir a insegurança alimentar. Os resultados obtidos demonstram que, ao considerar faixas energéticas entre 1600 e 2500 kcal/dia, é viável organizar um cardápio nutricionalmente adequado com custos compatíveis ao salário mínimo.

1. L’utilizzo dell’ecografia polmonare in Pronto Soccorso è affidabile? L’ecografia polmonare pediatrica (LUS) in Pronto Soccorso rappresenta uno strumento diagnostico affidabile e di crescente rilevanza nella valutazione delle patologie respiratorie acute, seppur strettamente dipendente dal livello di training dell’operatore, che deve conoscerne anche i limiti, quali la mancata identificazioni di lesioni che non raggiungano la … Continued

Market engagement during tender preparation is assumed to positively impact innovation in public procurement, as it facilitates demand articulation and interactive learning between procurers and potential suppliers. At the same time, early-stage market engagement is found to be comparatively underused in the European Union (EU). This makes it all the more important to obtain a better understanding of whether and how market engagement fosters innovation. Differentiating between static versus dynamic and one-to-one versus group-based engagement formats, this paper examines the extent to which deploying distinct formats and engaging different actor types influence learning and innovation in public procurement. We employ structural equation modeling to examine a mediation model, in which we hypothesize that market engagement informs suppliers about upcoming opportunities, thereby directly affecting innovative bids. We also hypothesize that procurers will learn from market engagement activities and adapt the tender and procurement process accordingly, which might lead indirectly to innovation. To assess this model, we use data ( N = 1613) collected through a survey disseminated among procurers with a project tendered on the EU's tender platform Tender Electronics Daily in 2022. We find that distinct market engagement formats have diverse and sometimes adverse effects on innovation. This demonstrates that market engagement is not a singular practice, nor always advisable. We also find that interactive learning is essential for market engagement to positively impact innovation. Innovation-enhancing procurement practice thus requires that procuring entities orient their interactions around explicit learning objectives and select market engagement formats that are congruent with these aims. • The effect of market engagement on innovation in public procurement is understudied. • We use Structural Equation Modeling to analyze a survey of 1613 European procurers. • We find that distinct market engagement formats have diverse effects on innovation. • Interactive learning appears vital to attaining positive market engagement effects.

Participatory approaches are increasingly used in biodiversity conservation to build trust, reduce conflict, and create more lasting decisions. By bringing together diverse voices (local communities, scientists, policymakers, NGOs) they aim to shape strategies that protect both people and nature. But more participation does not automatically mean better outcomes. Power matters. When power dynamics are overlooked, participation can become superficial, reinforcing old inequalities and even deepening tensions. Power shapes who is heard, whose knowledge counts, and who is left outside decision-making. If we don’t name and reflect on these dynamics, we risk failing the very goals of fairness and impact that participatory processes aim for. This Tool for Thought invites conservation practitioners, researchers, and facilitators to reflect more consciously on how power operates in participatory settings and how we might respond with greater care and imagination. It introduces a shared vocabulary to talk about power clearly and constructively. It proposes key concepts, and reflective questions to help make powermore visible, more easy to talk about openly, and more actionable. This resource is for anyone who works, or aspires to work, at the intersection between biodiversity, participation, and social change.It speaks to: Conservation practitioners managing biodiversity and natural resources in collaboration with communities Researchers exploring biodiversity, social-ecological systems, and participatory approaches Facilitators designing and leading participatory processes across diverse settings But it also offers insights to those shaping the conditions for participation: Policy makers who commission participatory processes and seek to design them more inclusively Advocacy leaders, project designers, and funders thinking about how power affects whose voices are heard and whose knowledge is valued Institutional actors committed to shifting practices toward more equity, justice, and shared stewardship. Rather than offering strict categories, this Tool for Thought invites a moreluid perspective: wherever you sit on the ground, in research, at policy levels, or inbetween, you are part of shaping how power flows through conservation efforts.

The federal transformation of Nepal with its three-tier federal governance system, endowed to decentralize authority, recognize ethnic diversity, and enhance localized management of natural resources. This paper critically examines the intersections between federalization, ethnicity, and natural resource governance in rural Nepal by deploying systematic review and content analysis approach thereby accessing constitutional texts, legislative instruments, policy reports, and scholarly literature. It interrogates the legal and institutional frameworks shaping Indigenous peoples’ rights to land, territories, and resources, while highlighting the socio-political dynamics of marginalization rooted in caste, ethnicity, and geography. The findings reveal persistent pressure between state and ethnic communities in course of ownership, utilization and control over natural resources compounded by historical injustice, legal incompetencies, entrenched class and caste-based hierarchies and inconsistent policy implementation which is further intensified with intensified by climate change, demographic pressure and structural inequalities. This ultimately hinders equitable distribution of natural resources and social justice approach envisioned by federal model. The paper also figured out that despite of international commitments such as International Labor Organization (ILO) Convention No. 169 and the United Nation’s Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples (UNDRIP), implementation of commitment at the domestic level remains partial and inconsistent. The paper concludes that coherent multi-tier governance, stronger institutional capacity, and the integration of Indigenous knowledge into policymaking are essential to achieving inclusive, equitable, and sustainable natural resource management in rural development of federal Nepal

Abstract Mission-oriented innovation policy (MOIP) aims to address major societal challenges. Although this approach has received much attention in academia and public policy in recent years, there is still significant uncertainty about how MOIPs are intended to address those challenges and what makes them work or fail. In this article, we advance a theory of action of MOIPs, drawing on the influential work of Mariana Mazzucato and the experiences in the design and implementation of the EU missions. By outlining the key building blocks of MOIPs and how they are interconnected, the theory of action provides an integrated perspective on how MOIPs are expected to contribute to solving persistent societal problems. In our discussion, we reflect on possible explanations for gaps between theory and practice; how our theory of action relates to existing MOIP frameworks; and to what extent the theory of action is transferable to other contexts.