The English Modern School

Inclusive education is considered unique in each country. However, implementation of inclusive education and related policies in developing countries like Sri Lanka is difficult. Therefore, this study aims to ensure the quality of teaching in the future by knowing the role of teachers in the implementation of inclusive education, especially in Batticaloa. Explored the strengths, weaknesses and challenges in implementing inclusive education within public schools in Batticaloa District. Among them, 05ADS/ISA(SNE), 05principals, 120class teachers, 300subject teachers, 150students and 75parents were selected based on purposive sampling and stratified random sampling. Questionnaires, interviews and documents were used as data collection tools to get information from them. Also, data was collected through group discussion with subject teachers. Data analysis was done using SPSS software. Reinforcement of appropriate practices, parental support, peer-teacher-student interaction, teacher skills, teaching methods, curriculum adaptation, assessment and student achievement, community and government approach, classroom technique, resource allocation, teacher's role in relation to Individualized Education Plan (IEP) were also discussed. The study also suggested that future research solutions should focus on the role of teachers in school-level IE policy formulation, infrastructure development, financial allocation and resource management.

<p>Shura as the system of representation of the Muslim’s voice in, typically, the<br />Islamic state is often confronted with the West representation system namely<br />Democracy. Some Islamic scholars believe that Shura is still the best system for<br />Muslims to vote for their need in the state. However, as Islam is not a monolithic<br />doctrine, some other Muslim groups have another alternative view to represent<br />their political opinion to the state by, surprisingly, practicing democracy. In brief,<br />Shura is still placed God instructions as the reference of all decisions which are<br />made in the council. Otherwise, democracy merely stands its policy on the people.<br />Both systems have a long tradition processes to find their recent way in this<br />global age. And the British Muslims have to realize that they live in a developed<br />country like Britain and still have to be Muslim. Giving challenging condition, Hizbut<br />Tahrir, Tablighi Jama’at, and Muslim Council of Britain, three prominent Muslim<br />Organizations in England, have different attitude towards democratic Britain to<br />voice their representation. On the one hand, Hizbut Tahrir strictly rejects the idea<br />of democracy as its goal is to establish the Islamic Caliphate in the world. And on<br />another hand, Tablighi Jama’at tends to stay away from the political issue, including<br />its representation, as the core of this organization is only preaching in a<br />peaceful way. Finally, Muslim Council of Britain as the umbrella of small-medium Muslim organizations in England, in fact is involving in the system of British democracy.<br />Shura sebagai sistem perwakilan seringkali diperbandingkan dengan sistem<br />perwakilan Barat, yaitu demokrasi. Beberapa tokoh umat Islam percaya bahwa<br />shura masih merupakan sistem perwakilan yang terbaik untuk menyuarakan<br />keinginan umat Islam terhadap negara. Namun demikian, karena Islam bukan<br />merupakan doktrin yang kaku, ada beberapa kelompok Muslim lain yang memiliki<br />pandangan berbeda di dalam mengemukakan aspirasi politiknya terhadap negara,<br />yang justru menggunakan sistem demokrasi. Secara singkat, sistem shura masih<br />menempatkan ajaran-ajaran Tuhan sebagai acuan untuk memutuskan segala<br />persoalan dalam dewan. Sedangkan demokrasi membuat kebijakan semata-mata<br />berdasarkan pada suara manusia. Kedua sistem ini memiliki proses tradisional<br />yang panjang untuk mencapai bentuknya seperti sekarang ini. Sementara itu,<br />Muslim Inggris harus menyadari bahwa mereka hidup di negara maju dan harus<br />tetap ber-Islam. Menghadapi kondisi yang menantang ini, tiga organisasi Islam<br />terkemuka di Inggris seperti Hizbut Tahrir, Tablighi Jama’ah, dan Muslim Council<br />of Britain memiliki sikap berbeda untuk menyatakan suara mereka terhadap<br />pemerintah Inggris yang demokratis. Satu sisi, Hizbut Tahrir dengan keras menolak<br />ide demokrasi dikarenakan cita-cita mereka adalah mendirikan kekhalifahan Islam<br />di dunia. Sementara di sisi yang lain, Tablighi Jama’ah cenderung menghindari<br />isu politik, termasuk keterwakilan mereka. Terakhir, Muslim Council of Britain<br />yang merupakan payung bagi organisasi-organisasi Islam kecil-menengah di<br />Inggris pada kenyataannya ikut serta di dalam sistem demokrasi Inggris.</p><p> </p>

(1962). Bonhoeffer and ‘Religionless’ christianity. Learning for Living: Vol. 2, No. 2, pp. 18-19.