The King's College

Many developing countries face persistent barriers to implementing healthcare information systems (HIS). Weak regulatory frameworks and outdated digital infrastructure remain key challenges. Bangladesh illustrates this situation, where fragmented services and limited electronic patient records reduce access to quality healthcare. Evidence suggests that standardised hospital information systems can improve patient management and service efficiency. However, successful adoption requires strong institutional and policy support. This chapter synthesises the critical factors influencing HIS implementation in developing country contexts. It draws on a systematic literature review grounded in information systems research. Eight core studies were identified from IEEE Xplore, EBSCO, and ScienceDirect following rigorous screening of 4,014 records. Twelve success factors emerged and were grouped into four policy-relevant themes. Effective resource allocation and governance capacity were identified as the most decisive factors for sustainable HIS implementation.

Status epilepticus (SE) is a medical emergency requiring rapid intervention. Despite treatment guidelines, delays in real-world SE management persist, potentially worsening outcomes. The Established Status Epilepticus Treatment Trial (ESETT), while comparing second-line antiseizure medications, also enabled analysis of treatment timelines in emergency settings. This study evaluates the timing of SE treatment steps in ESETT to assess adherence to guideline-recommended timeframes and identify factors contributing to delays. This secondary analysis of ESETT included patients aged ≥ 2 years with generalized convulsive SE unresponsive to benzodiazepines, randomized to receive fosphenytoin, levetiracetam, or valproic acid. Key intervals analyzed included time from emergency department (ED) arrival to first benzodiazepine, initiation of second-line therapy, and other interventions (e.g., intubation, rescue meds). We used descriptive statistics and the Van Elteren test to compare timelines between those who achieved treatment success, defined as seizure cessation and improved mental status at 60 min, and those who did not. Among 487 patients (53% adults, 47% children; 57% male), 46% achieved treatment success. Nearly half did not receive any prehospital benzodiazepines. Median time from ED arrival to first benzodiazepine was 11 min (IQR 5-41), and to second-line antiseizure medications was 26 min (IQR 18-43), both generally aligning with guidelines. Earlier administration of second-line therapy was significantly associated with treatment success (p = 0.03). Although many treatment steps occurred within recommended windows, considerable variability exists. Prehospital benzodiazepine use was often absent, and in-hospital treatment timing was inconsistent. Earlier delivery of second-line therapy correlated with improved outcomes. These real-world data provide a lens through which to better understand the causes and impact of practice variability in time to treatment and assess the extent to which current guidelines on timing may be important, but also how they may be ambiguous or unrealistic.

This study focuses on many problems and social effects caused by artificial intelligence music creation technology to the current copyright protection system. Although this technology is very innovative, it mainly relies on a large number of authorized data sets to build a model, which leads to a series of thorny issues such as legal ambiguity and ethical disputes. It is especially obvious that the boundary between "tribute" behavior and infringement is difficult to distinguish accurately. In the case of global crisis such as COVID-19 epidemic, economic pressure has made these contradictions more acute, and people have paid more attention to the shrinking job market and uneven income distribution. The author adopts the mixed method, combines the theoretical explanation of copyright law and the study of ethical issues, and makes a comparative analysis by using the latest judicial precedents. The empirical research on existing relevant laws and regulations shows that there are defects and loopholes in China's existing copyright legal system when faced with the unauthorized use of training data, the proliferation of artificial intelligence works and the failure to protect the rights and interests of creators. Although artificial intelligence can imitate the technical level of various artistic creations, it cannot fully display the emotional depth, cultural background and unique innovation of human artists. The research concludes that we need to rebuild the music copyright rules. This requires new laws on artificial intelligence, economic protection for creators, and moral principles that regard artificial intelligence as helping rather than replacing human creativity.

Abstract Remote working has rapidly become the new norm in many sectors, at least some of the time. Remote working changes where workers spend much of their time and the geographical location of demand, particularly for local personal services (LPS). Our main contribution is to systematically quantify this change for England and Wales using a new nationally representative survey of nearly 35,000 working‐age adults, which captures (pre‐pandemic) LPS spending while at work and permanent changes in remote working. On average, our work shows that neighbourhoods where people commute 20% less often experience a decline in LPS spending of 5%. There is a clear geographic pattern (the ‘donut’ effect) to these spending changes, but our granular analysis shows that they are uneven: large decreases in LPS demand are concentrated in a small number of city‐centre neighbourhoods, while increases in LPS demand around the periphery are more dispersed. Further analysis of neighbourhoods by geographical and sociodemographic characteristics shows that the least affluent are most likely to benefit the least from remote work, increasing inequality.

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Park Hill is the largest listed building in Europe. Opened in 1961, its design is an innovation on Le Corbusier’s Unité d’Habitation, with horizontal ‘streets in the sky’ at every third level, with duplex apartments extending above and below each access level. It was Britain's first completed scheme of post-war slum clearance and the most ambitious inner-city development of its time. However, while the development was conceived and opened with great optimism, by the time it was listed in 1998 it was in serious decline, both socially and physically. Unable to finance its refurbishment, Sheffield City Council sold Park Hill to developers for £1 in 2004. With the extensive involvement of Historic England, the subsequent refurbishment has upgraded the buildings and gentrified them, with only a small minority of units being available for affordable housing. The form and much of the physical fabric of the development has been preserved, but its original social significance has arguably been lost. This paper examines Park Hill in the context of the development of the notion of authenticity from the Venice Charter (1964) through to the Nara Document (1994). The paper concludes that the listing and protection of a building such as Park Hill would not have been possible without the development of the multivalent approach to authenticity in the Nara Document, which forms an essential aspect of the broadened understanding of what constitutes cultural heritage.