Thi Qar University

The global energy crisis presents itself as an ongoing problem which photovoltaic (PV) panels address effectively by converting renewable solar power into electricity. The performance of PV panels suffers from operating temperature increases causing important decreases in electrical efficiency. A reliable cooling system needs implementation to preserve thermal stability along with maximizing energy conversion performance. A laboratory investigation evaluates the implementation of distilled thermoelectric heat sinks aimed at reducing PV panel surface temperatures for better overall performance enhancement. The laboratory experiment used closed-loop cooling with parallel-installed thermoelectric modules below and above PV panels to measure various configuration performances under controlled indoor testing. Tests took place at the college of technical engineering at University of Thi-Qar to identify the best thermal energy (TE) module layout which produced the minimum achievable base temperature of the PV panel. The study conducted a systematic analysis of different cooling setup configurations which helped identify the top performing design that simultaneously reduced energy losses and achieved maximum power output. The study’s findings show that proper positioning of TE modules creates substantial improvements for PV system thermal regulation. The best arrangement yielded substantial temperature reduction alongside enhanced energy efficiency which demonstrated TE-assisted cooling can be an effective solution for future solar power systems.

Let be a topological graph where is a set of all vertices of and each vertex is represent a set of the topology non-equal to or . The set of all edges of is such that there is an edge between any two vertices if no one of their topological sets are subset from the other. In this paper, many bounds and properties of domination are studied and applied on the topological graph. Three types of domination parameters are studied: co-independent domination, complementary tree domination and bi-domination. The co-independent domination number of , denoted by , the complementary tree domination number of , denoted by and the bi-domination number of , denoted by are proved and found. Also, the inverse dominating set and inverse domination number for these types is calculated.

Background: Trastuzumab is a blockbuster monoclonal antibody that has revolutionized the treatment of HER2-positive breast and gastric cancers. With the increasing availability of biosimilar monoclonal antibodies in clinical practice, independent verification of biosimilarity using products sampled from a real-world supply chain is important to assure clinicians and the patients to use these products confidently. Objective: The aim of this study is to assess the biosimilarity of AryoTrust, a trastuzumab biosimilar, in comparison with the reference product Herceptin. AryoTrust and Herceptin products were randomly withdrawn from Iraqi hospitals to reflect medicines administered in real clinical settings. Methods: AryoTrust and Herceptin were compared using an extensive set of orthogonal analytical techniques which included SDS-PAGE, ion-exchange chromatography, capillary isoelectric focusing, peptide mapping, N-glycan profiling, circular dichroism, differential scanning calorimetry, and surface plasmon resonance. In addition to these teste, functional comparability was also tested using an HER2-dependent cell-based proliferation inhibition bioassay. Results: The results showed that both products have highly comparable profiles in all assessed attributes. The analysis showed similar molecular integrity and purity, identical primary structure, comparable charge heterogeneity, similar isoelectric points (pI) of the main isoform, close glycosylation patterns (mainly, by core-fucosylated complex-type glycans), similar higher-order structural features, and thermal stability. The receptor binding studies exhibited comparable binding affinities with Fcγ receptors and FcRn. Finally, the cell-based bioassay revealed comparable dose-response curves with similar EC50 values and relative potency. Conclusions: The integrated analytical and functional data support the biosimilarity of AryoTrust to the reference product Herceptin, which has been marketed and used in Iraq. This study provides real-world scientific evidence supporting confidence in the quality and comparability of this trastuzumab biosimilar and reduces any doubt in the product and at the same time emphasizes the value of independent post-marketing biosimilarity assessments.

Phenazines are known to possess a wide range of biological activities and new methods for their synthesis are of high demand. Herein, a mechanochemical approach was proposed for the synthesis of benzo[a]phenazin-5-ols by the SNH/SNipso tandem reaction between 1,4-naphthoquinone and o-phenylenediamines and their halo-disubstituted derivatives under ball-milling conditions. The advantages of the method are high atom economy, short reaction time, room temperature and solvent-free conditions, low E-factor and high yields of the target phenazines.

Hyperandrogenism in Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) negatively affects health-related quality of life (HRQOL). Anti-androgens may improve both biochemical and patient-related outcomes. To evaluate the impact of combined finasteride and spironolactone on HRQOL in married and unmarried women with PCOS using PCOSQOL-47 and PCOSQOL-42, respectively. A total of 263 married and 236 unmarried women with PCOS were enrolled from two tertiary centers. All received finasteride (5mg) and spironolactone (100mg) daily and were followed every four months over a year. HRQOL was assessed using PCOSQOL-47 for married and PCOSQOL-42 for unmarried women, alongside evaluating their biochemical and clinical hyperandrogenism. After one year, significant reductions were observed in total and free testosterone, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, body mass index (BMI), and a decrease in modified Ferriman-Gallwey (mFG) scores. Both groups showed marked HRQOL improvement, greater in unmarried women. In PCOSQOL-47, psychological and emotional domains improved most, while fertility and sexual domains improved least. In PCOSQOL-42, menstrual and fertility domains had the highest gains, while coping improved least. Both groups had a 25% reduction in mFG score and 5% reduction in BMI. This is the first study to evaluate combined finasteride and spironolactone on HRQOL domains in PCOS using PCOSQOL-47 and PCOSQOL-42. Prior studies assessing anti- androgens used other tools, without distinction between married and unmarried women. Combined finasteride and spironolactone significantly improved all HRQOL scales and reduced hyperandrogenism within the first four months in women with PCOS, supporting its role alongside lifestyle measures.

This study aimed to isolate and identify bacteria present in river water and drinking water sources in Nasiriyah city, Dhi Qar province. A total of 100 water samples were collected from four different sources (25 samples each): the Euphrates River (representing natural river water), tap water, bottled water, and reverse osmosis (RO) water (representing different drinking water sources). Laboratory examinations were conducted using traditional bacterial culture techniques and biochemical tests. Results showed the presence of various bacterial species in all studied water sources. The Euphrates River recorded the highest bacterial contamination level with an average of 800–5,200 CFU/ml, and RO water showed the lowest contamination level with <30 CFU/ml. Several pathogenic bacterial species were isolated, including Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus spp., and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Statistical analysis revealed significant differences (p < 0.05) between bacterial counts in different water sources. The findings indicate the importance of regular water quality monitoring and the implementation of strict water safety standards, particularly for the Euphrates River and tap water. The study recommends improving water treatment systems and developing microbiological monitoring programs for water in the region.

To investigate the influence of surface characteristics on the shear strength of sand-fines mixture soil-foundation interface, a modified shear box was utilized. In this study, a smooth and two textured (or rough) surfaces that simulate conventional and innovative foundation elements were used, and the soil-surfaces interface was subjected to monotonic shear loading. The soil used in the present study is a mixture of medium sand and fine-grained soils. Two sand-fines mixtures were prepared (i.e., 100% sand–0% fines and 60% sand–40% fines). The results presented herein show that the increase in roughness level of tested surfaces leads to an increase in the interface shear resistance when compared to smooth condition. The higher interface resistance of textured (or rough) surface could be attributed to the creation of highly confined soil wedges (passive zones) at the face of elements and soil dilation with the displacement of surfaces against interface soil at a constant rate. The percentage of increase was up to 68.5% for 100% sand–0% fines mixture and 75.0% for 60% sand–40% fines mixture soils when compared to the interface resistance of smooth surface, respectively. The findings of the present study encourage the adoption of foundation elements with a textured (or rough) surface in sites consisting of sand-fines mixture soils.