Thiruvalluvar University

Objectives: The objective of this study was to analyze the phytochemical content of brown alga Spatoglossum solieri and evaluate its ability to scavage free radicals. Methods: The phytochemical screening of the thallus was performed using different solvent extracts (Aqueous, methanol, ethanol, ethyl acetate, benzene and petroleum ether). The total phenolic and flavonoid content was estimated and the phytoconstituents was analyzed using GC-MS. The in vitro antioxidant assays i.e., DPPH scavenging, hydroxyl radical scavenging, superoxide radical scavenging, ABTS scavenging and reducing power were performed. Results: Phytochemical investigations revealed that methanol and ethanol extracts were rich with a wide range of secondary metabolites such as coumarins, catechins, flavonoids, phenols, saponins, glycosides, tannins, terpenoids, sugars, steroids and xanthoproteins. The total phenolic and flavonoid content exhibited 62.77mg GAE/g and 41.74mg GAE/g respectively. GC-MS identified 13 different phytocompounds in the ethanol extract of S. solieri. The major phytocompound includes Neophytadiene, Hexadeconic acid, ethyl ester, Ethyl oleate, Paromomycin, 1-Methyl-4[nitromethy]-4-piperidinol, 8-Ketocopaenal, 4,9-dihydroxy-6-methyl-3,10-dimethylene-3a,4, 3-H-Cyclodeca[b]-furan-2-one, Hexadecanoic acid, 2-hydroxy-1 (hydroxymethyl) ethyl ester and 1,1-Cyclobutanedicarboxylic acid. Methanol extract demonstrated the highest DPPH, hydroxyl, and ABT radical scavenging capacity in terms of in vitro antioxidant activity. The extract with the highest superoxide radical scavenging ability was ethanol. Similarly strongest reducing power was demonstrated by methanol extract. Conclusion: The rich secondary metabolites may be the reason for its remarkable antioxidant activity, which has rendered it pharmacologically significant. In conclusion, there is a great deal of need for additional research into S. solieri active principle in order to pinpoint more of its pharmacological characteristics.

The paper investigates Art Spiegelman’s Maus from a psychoanalytical perspective by drawing on the concepts of Thomas Ogden’s “analytic third” and Jessica Benjamin’s “intersubjectivity” to expose the trauma-driven intra-ethnic conflicts that lead to psychological othering within Jewish Holocaust survivors. The study also explores the idea of ritual morphing as practised in Spiegelman’s narrative, highlighting the unconscious alterations and psychological mechanisms embedded in the behavioural patterns of Holocaust survivors and their descendants. Drawing on Benjamin’s concept of intersubjectivity, the paper analyses the relationship dynamics between Art Spiegelman and his father, Vladek, which disrupts their father–son relationship through shared traumatic experiences. This disruption enables the recognition of their psychological and cultural differences and induces ethnic conflict between them as a Polish Jew and an American Jew. Vladek’s PTSD and Spiegelman’s inherited trauma (intergenerational PTSD) create a doer–done-to dynamic that ruptures their familial bond, intensifying underlying shame, guilt, and depression. The paper further engages with Benjamin’s theory of mutual recognition to examine Vladek’s hypervigilance, which reflects the traumatic dominance that shatters the capacity for mutual recognition, leading to a reproduction of Holocaust trauma within the Jewish community across generations.

A pilot study on the levels of Polonium-210 (210Po) and Lead-210 (210Pb) in various marine fish species along the Kochi (Cochin) coast was conducted to evaluate the potential risks to human health. The findings revealed that 210Po concentrations were generally higher than 210Pb concentrations across the studied species. Fish inhabiting pelagic zones and those that primarily feed on plankton exhibited the highest levels of radionuclides and bioaccumulation factors. In contrast, certain predatory fish and those living in benthic environments showed moderate radionuclide concentrations in their muscles. The annual committed effective doses (ACEDs) for both 210Po and 210Pb were found to fall within the minimum ICRP safety limit of 1 mSv y−1, indicating that the consumption of these fish is unlikely to pose significant health risks. The accumulation patterns of radionuclides are influenced by a combination of factors, including environmental conditions, feeding habits, taxonomy, and local geological context. These findings highlight the importance of considering ecological and environmental variables when assessing radionuclide contamination in marine ecosystems and its implications for human health.

Purpose: To report a rare case of bilateral pachychoroid spectrum disease presenting asymmetrically as chronic central serous chorioretinopathy (CSCR) in 1 eye and type 3 uveal effusion syndrome in the contralateral eye. Methods: A single case was reviewed. Results: A 47-year-old man presented with a 1-month history of decreased vision in the left eye while being on oral corticosteroids. Best-corrected visual acuity was 20/20 OD and 2/80 OS. Multimodal imaging revealed features of CSCR with an ink-blot leak in the right eye and idiopathic type 3 uveal effusion syndrome with exudative retinal and choroidal detachment in the left eye. The patient was treated with a tapering course of oral corticosteroids, resulting in complete resolution of both conditions. During a 2-year follow-up period, a recurrence of subretinal fluid was observed in the right eye. Conclusions: This unusual case highlights the spectrum of venous overload choroidopathy and emphasizes the overlapping yet distinct clinical features of CSCR and uveal effusion syndrome. Multimodal imaging plays a pivotal role in the diagnosis and management of such unique presentations.

Tiruvannamalai district, located in the northern part of Tamil Nadu, is a landscape with an immense historical background both archaeologically and culturally. Specifically, Periyakolappadi village in Chengam Taluk falls under the ancient territory ruled by the Sangam-era chieftain Nannan Sei Nannan and serves as a literal storehouse of Pallava-era hero stones (Nadu-kal). This research paper provides a detailed archaeological analysis of: The etymology of the name "Periyakolappadi." Geographical landmarks mentioned in the Sangam literary work Malaipadukadam. Hero stones dating back to the reigns of Pallava kings Mahendravarman, Eswaravarman, and Nandivarman. Unique local rock names characteristic of the region. Furthermore, the study uses statistical data to explain the continuity of agriculture from the Sangam period to the present, as well as modern economic shifts like the impact of flower cultivation. Highlighting how natural resources and historical monuments are facing destruction due to commercial encroachment, this research emphasizes the urgent need for their preservation. தமிழகத்தின் வடபகுதியில் அமைந்துள்ள திருவண்ணாமலை மாவட்டம், தொல்லியல் ரீதியாகவும் பண்பாட்டு ரீதியாகவும் அளப்பரிய வரலாற்றுப் பின்னணியைக் கொண்ட ஒரு நிலப்பரப்பாகும். குறிப்பாக, செங்கம் வட்டத்தில் அமைந்துள்ள பெரியகோளாப்பாடி கிராமம், சங்க காலத் தலைவன் நன்னன் சேய் நன்னனின் ஆட்சிப் புலத்திற்கு உட்பட்ட பகுதியாகவும், பல்லவர் காலத்து நடுகற்களின் களஞ்சியமாகவும் திகழ்கிறது. இவ்வாய்வறிக்கை, பெரியகோளாப்பாடியின் ஊர்ப்பெயர் தோற்றம், சங்க இலக்கியமான மலைபடுகடாம் குறிப்பிடும் புவியியல் அடையாளங்கள், பல்லவ மன்னர்களான மகேந்திரவர்மன், ஈஸ்வரவர்மன் மற்றும் நந்திவர்மன் காலத்து நடுகற்கள், மற்றும் இப்பகுதியின் தனித்துவமான பாறைப் பெயர்கள் ஆகியவற்றைத் தொல்லியல் நோக்கில் விரிவாக ஆராய்கிறது. மேலும், சங்க காலம் முதல் இன்று வரை இப்பகுதியில் தொடர்ந்து வரும் உழவுத் தொழில் மற்றும் தற்காலப் பொருளாதார மாற்றமான மலர்ச் சாகுபடியின் தாக்கம் குறித்தும் புள்ளிவிவரங்களுடன் விளக்குகிறது. இயற்கை வளங்கள் மற்றும் வரலாற்றுச் சின்னங்கள் வணிக ரீதியான ஆக்கிரமிப்புகளால் அழியும் நிலையில் உள்ளதைச் சுட்டிக்காட்டி, அவற்றைப் பாதுகாக்க வேண்டியதன் அவசியத்தையும் இந்த ஆய்வு வலியுறுத்துகிறது.