Tohoku University of Art and Design

人口予測は、都市計画や地域計画にとって重要である．なぜなら，施設計画では需要を予測する必要があり、人口は需要を求めるための基礎となるためである．しかし，予測人口と実現した人口を比較すると、ある程度の誤差が生じる。 本稿では、人口推計においてどの程度の誤差が考えられるかという情報の必要に，多様な人口の市区町村に通底した法則性を仮定しある程度の見積もりを与える． 都市計画では趨勢とは異なる人口を目標とすることがしばしばあり，本研究の方法は，目標人口達成の難度を現在の人口を材料に判断するシンプルな手法ともなる．なお，本研究は社人研による，性年齢別5歳階級別の人口推計結果と，国勢調査結果を分析対象とする．

Once the editorial success of the Perspectiva Pictorum et Architectorum (1693-1700) is widely recognized, this article explores its dissemination through the Portuguese artistic and scientific networks of the 18th century, including both the mainland and overseas territories, more particularly Brazil. The influence of the Italian Jesuit treatise can be noticed in the Portuguese empire in terms of scientific dissemination, regarding both the foundations of the linear perspective and architectural composition and imagery, reverting simultaneously to the scope of the artistic practice, whether concerning scenography and illusory architectures (quadratura painting), passing through construction, either by stone or carved wood. It is precisely in the breadth of this influence, tracing a route from Rome to Lisbon and Brazil, that it is important to recognize the Portuguese reception of Andrea Pozzo's treatise by Father Inácio Vieira, whose disseminating activity reverberates from Portugal to the other side of the Atlantic, where documental traces of his action can be found. A speculative path based upon the rescue and cross-referencing of two essential manuscripts: Tractado de Prospectiva (1716), from the National Library of Portugal, and Trattado da Perspectiva (172?), From the National Library of Brazil.

Hichiriki is a traditional Japanese double-reed wind instrument used in Japanese ancient imperial court music, gagaku, which has been performed since the 7th century. The best reeds for hichiriki have been made of culms or stems of Phragmites australis (P. australis) that are harvested from only a limited reed bed at Udono near Kyoto. The aim of this study is to elucidate why the stems from Udono are the best materials for hichiriki reeds. Plant anatomy was examined for choice stems of P. australis grown in different reed beds in Japan as well as morphology, and the local indentation hardness and Young's modulus of tissues on the cross-sections of some representatives of hichiriki reeds were measured. It is concluded that the good stems for hichiriki reeds have an outer diameter of about 11 mm, a wall thickness of about 1 mm and comparatively homogeneous structure where harder materials, such as epidermis, hypodermis, sclerenchymatous cells, and vascular bundle sheaths with hard walls, are orderly deployed with softer materials such as parenchyma cells and vascular bundles. This structure has smaller differences of hardness and Young's modulus between the hard and soft materials in the reed, providing the best music performance.

Hagia Sophia in Istanbul has been suffering from severe degradation of the outside and inside walls and the paintings on the inside wall surfaces mainly due to liquid water transport and salt crystallization. In order to elucidate the degradation mechanism and then propose a suitable method for preservation, we have conducted a long-term field survey of Hagia Sophia from 2010 until 2014 and numerical analyses of simultaneous heat and moisture transfer in the walls. It was found that high moisture content — primarily due to penetration and evaporation of rain water and partly due to consequent salt crystallization — generally leads to degradation of both inside and outside walls. It was observed that the moisture content of the north inside wall is higher than that of the south inside wall due to less solar radiation. Also, there are high possibilities that evaporation mainly at the middle-layer mortar caused salt crystallization and exfoliation of the inside stucco wall surfaces and that the exfoliation of the inside finishing material of the wall caused further subsequent exfoliation of the inner layers.

Motion analysis is an important factor verifying skill learning. The subject has special skills for manufacturing stone-tools based on the Recurrent Levallois technique. The motion data was collected for the kinematic analysis. In January 2011, we acquired the 3D motion data by using the motion capture system. Taken data are the knapping motion data about stone flakes. The motion capture system is able to capture 3D motion data of the subject’s motion and hammer stone movement with high resolution. That data includes any knap styles, which are the peeling stone operation, adjusting operation stone surface. Based on interview comments, we analyzed the detailed motion data and the fabrication characteristics of Levallois flake production. The knapping technique with Recurrent Levallois is also a kind of valuable archaeological materials. This paper reports the results of the knapping motion analysis of making stone tools and discuss of the Recurrent Levallois technique.