Toshiba (Germany)

Glandular odontogenic cyst （GOC） is a rare odontogenic cyst and is categorized as a developmental odontogenic cyst. Herein, we report a case of GOC developing in the maxilla. The patient was a 25-year-old man who complained of swelling of the left buccal region. CT images showed a unilocular radiolucent lesion extending from the maxillary anterior region to the maxillary sinus. The lesion included an impacted tooth, and root resorption of 21, 22, 23 and 24 was observed. A biopsy suggested that it was GOC. He underwent cystectomy with root canal filling and apicoectomy of the 21, 22, 23 and 24 under general anesthesia. The wound was opened to the oral cavity. Histopathological diagnosis was GOC. Nine months later, tooth extraction of 21, 22, 23 and 24 was performed because of their increased mobility. Two months later, reconstruction of the alveolar ridge using particulate cancellous bone and marrow （PCBM） was carried out. Nine months after the PCBM graft, 3 dental implants were placed into the reconstructed bone, and an implant-retained overdenture treatment was completed. Since then, the overdenture has uneventfully functioned for 4 years and 9 months, with no evidence of recurrence.

Metal containing resists (MCR) are one of the candidates for Extreme Ultraviolet (EUV) resists aiming to achieve the resolution, linewidth roughness and sensitivity (RLS) requirements of advanced design nodes. MCRs intrinsically have high etch resistance owing to their metal content. Therefore, low resist thickness (~18nm) is sufficient to transfer resist patterns into an underlying hard mask. Also, the thin resist reduces susceptibility to pattern collapse during development because of low aspect ratio. However, thus far little attention has been paid to optical metrology and inspectability (overlay, defect inspection, scatterometry, etc.) of these resists, which is another critical requirement to move MCR toward high volume manufacturing (HVM). In this paper, we investigate overlay metrology and overlay correction with MCR. Even though the optical contrast for MCR is slightly lower than for chemically amplified resist (CAR) it seemed sufficient for high-quality overlay metrology. However, the measurement precision for MCR is deteriorated compared to that for CAR, resulting in significantly higher residuals. The root cause of the deteriorated measurement precision was found in grains in the optical image after MCR development. Interestingly, the after etch performance of CAR and MCR is identical. We demonstrate that with sufficient sampling, appropriate correctables can be extracted from the MCR overlay results. Finally, we discuss how the increased image noise can be compensated by the applied sampling scheme.

We report a case of iatrogenic vesical tuberculosis diagnosed 4 years after intravesical immunotherapy using Bacillus Calmette- Guérin (BCG) for the treatment of bladder carcinoma. A 72-year-old man underwent a transurethral resection (TUR) of multiple noninvasive urothelial carcinomas and intravesical BCG infusion (40 mg/week) for 7 weeks to prevent the recurrence of bladder carcinoma. BCG infusion therapy was terminated because of the appearance of Reiter's syndrome, including arthritis of the left toe joint, conjunctivitis and non-gonococcal urethritis as complications. The patient suffered from repeated cystitis, bladder atrophy and urethral stenosis. The cystitis improved with the administration of antibiotics (Levofloxacin) but persisted without a complete cure. Four years later, a cystoscopy revealed mucosal erosion and a white coating. An acid-fast bacteria examination of a urine sample using bacteria incubation and DNA PCR revealed the presence of Mycobacterium bovis. Finally, anti-tuberculosis therapy (INH＋REP＋EB) was initiated after the patient was diagnosed as having iatrogenic bladder tuberculosis resulting from BCG immunotherapy. The tuberculosis bacteria subsequently disappeared from the urine samples, and the gross appearance of the bladder mucosa improved. Bladder carcinoma has not recurred to date. Intravesical BCG infusion therapy has a good anti-tumor effect and can help prevent tumor recurrence after TUR therapy in case of noninvasive bladder carcinoma. However, there is a risk of severe complications arising from the BCG infusion. In the present case, an adequate bacteria examination was not performed, even though antibiotics were repeatedly administered for cystitis. In particular, the patient was not tested for the presence of acid-fast bacteria for 4 years after the intravesical BCG infusion therapy. Furthermore, among patients who received anti-bacteria therapy for repeated cystitis after BCG infusion, a bacteria examination including bacteria incubation, was not ordered in 19 out of 30 cases treated at our hospital over the past 5 years. In conclusion, bacteria examination, including tests for acid-fast bacteria, should be immediately performed when repeated and/or persistent cystitis occurs after BCG infusion therapy.

Organized hematoma is a rare progressive cystic lesion. In this paper, we report a case of organized hematoma developing in the oral floor of a 41-year-old woman. Intraoral examination revealed an elastic hard and mobile mass measuring 40 × 30 × 20 mm in the right side of the oral floor. Computed tomography showed a well-defined mass lesion. A high-density area was partially seen around the rim. On T1-weighted, coronal section MR images, the mass lesion appeared as a slightly high-signal area with a partially iso-signal area. On the T2-weighted images, the mass was seen as a low-signal area. The mass was entirely removed with the patient under general anesthesia. Histopathological examination of the specimen showed an old blood clot encapsulated by dense fibrous connective tissue without an epithelial lining. Granulation tissue with infiltration of macrophages and pathologic calcification was seen between the blood clot and fibrous capsule. On the basis of the above-mentioned findings, the mass lesion was finally diagnosed as an organized hematoma. No recurrence has occurred as of 5 years 6 months after surgical removal.

The use of the CT scanner for cardiac imaging is mainly influenced by the spatial and temporal resolution that can be achieved with the applied technologies and procedures. The data acquisition with 16 x 0.5 mm scan slice thickness and a special multisegment image reconstruction procedure are a new combination for accurate imaging of the cardiac morphology. A 0.5 mm slice thickness and an overlapping pitch < 0.35 generate an isotropic image voxel of 0.35 x 0.35 x 0.35 mm. The object size of a coronary artery with a diameter of 2.5 mm amounts to a relative spatial blurring factor K (d) of approximately 15 %. The segment reconstruction with 4 segments from 4 consecutive cardiac cycles requires the optimum acquisition time of 50 ms for one frame. The relative exposure factor K (t) with reference to the R-R interval is an appropriate measure to validate the influence of coronary artery movement on the image quality at different heart rates. This relative exposure varies between 10 % and 20 % for a heart rate of 40 to 140 beats per minutes (bpm) and its mean is approximated by a linear trend function with K (t) = 14 %. A constant value in this linear trend function means a constant "blurring" of the imaged coronary arteries, independent of the actual heart rate. Thus, computed tomographic examinations can be carried out for heart rates between 40 and 140 bpm without using beta-blocking medication. Case studies of the 3D reconstruction and curved reformatting of coronary arteries with stents and calcifications show the achievable image quality at different heart rates.