TriTech Software Systems (United States)

<p>Refractory products are a vital element in all high-temperature processes, especially in the</p>\n\n<p>steel production. The re-use of refractory material has a high potential to reduce waste production and primary raw material consumption. To allow high-grade recycling and reuse of refractories, efficient separation of the different types of refractory materials based on their chemical composition, combined with an efficient removal orf impurities, is essential. The different types are mainly composed of the elements magnesium, aluminium, silicon, calcium and carbon, as well as other materials to improve the properties such as chromium.</p>\n\n<p>To determine the ability of LIBS to classify different refractory materials, test measurements</p>\n\n<p>were performed on the LIBS-based sorting system iSort at the Fraunhofer ILT. With the data from the 3D detection the best spot for the LIBS-measurement is calculated and sent to the</p>\n\n<p>LIBS-system. Furthermore the system comprises a novel feature to combine information of</p>\n\n<p>the 3D-detection system with the information of the LIBS measurement to enhance the sorting</p>\n\n<p>abilities. The system can easily be adapted to the material to be sorted, thus it is possible to</p>\n\n<p>measure small cuttings up to big bricks. A versatile multi-CCD spectrometer makes it possible</p>\n\n<p>to measure whole spectra from the laser-induced plasma as well as several individual emission</p>\n\n<p>lines at a high measurement frequency. This allows the measurement of various materials</p>\n\n<p>such as metals, electronic scrap or ceramics like refractories.</p>\n\n<p>In order to determine the elemental composition of the different refractory bricks a combination</p>\n\n<p>of different LIBS approaches is used. For each measurement a tailored laser pulse train is</p>\n\n<p>irradiated on the sample for surface preparation, enabling the penetration of not representative</p>\n\n<p>dust layers. As the composition of used bricks can deviate locally, several selected surface</p>\n\n<p>locations are evaluated within less than a second to obtain a high representativeness of the classification.</p>\n\n<p>Several spectral lines of each element, which is required for the distinction of the different</p>\n\n<p>types of refractories, are recorded simultaneously and evaluated. It is demonstrated in lab scale tests that the three main classes of refractory material can be efficiently distinguished.</p>\n\n<p>Upscaling for industrial tests and approaches to separate up to 8 subclasses will be presented.</p>

This paper describes the recursive object oriented life-cycle which has been developed in conjunction with the authors' Object Oriented Development (OOD) methods. The basic goals that a life-cycle must satisfy are described and the recursive life-cycle are mapped back to them. A description of how this life-cycle may be implemented within the framework of existing standards such as DOD-STD-2167A is also included. This paper also summarizes the authors' experience with using this life-cycle (or elements thereof) on various projects over the last six years. Approaches to meeting the issues of formal project management within the recursive framework will also be discussed.